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        <title type="main" level="a">Real-Time Geometry Assessment Using Laser Line Scanner During Laser Powder Directed Energy Deposition Additive Manufacturing of SS316L Component with Sharp Feature</title>
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          <persName n="1" ref="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4455-4921" type="ORCID">
            <forename>Liu</forename>
            <surname>Yang</surname>
            <placeName type="affiliation">The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong</placeName>
          </persName>
          <persName n="2" ref="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0119-548X" type="ORCID">
            <forename>Boyu</forename>
            <surname>Wang</surname>
            <placeName type="affiliation">The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong</placeName>
          </persName>
          <persName n="3" ref="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1722-2617" type="ORCID">
            <forename>Jack C. P.</forename>
            <surname>Cheng</surname>
            <placeName type="affiliation">University of Hong KongThe Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong</placeName>
          </persName>
          <persName n="4">
            <forename>Peipei</forename>
            <surname>Liu</surname>
            <placeName type="affiliation">Southeast University, China</placeName>
          </persName>
          <persName n="5" ref="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9337-6653" type="ORCID">
            <forename>Hoon</forename>
            <surname>Sohn</surname>
            <placeName type="affiliation">Korea Advanced Institute of Science Technology, Korea, Republic of</placeName>
          </persName>
        </author>
        <respStmt>
          <resp>This is a section of <title>CONVR 2023 - Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on  Construction Applications of Virtual Reality </title>(DOI: <idno type="DOI">10.36253/979-12-215-0289-3</idno>) by </resp>
          <name>Pietro Capone, Vito Getuli, Farzad Pour Rahimian, Nashwan Dawood, Alessandro Bruttini, Tommaso Sorbi</name>
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        <publisher>Firenze University Press</publisher>
        <pubPlace>Florence</pubPlace>
        <date when="2023">2023</date>
        <idno type="DOI">https://doi.org/10.36253/10.36253/979-12-215-0289-3.97</idno>
        <availability>
          <p>Available for academic research purposes</p>
          <p>Open Access</p>
          <p>Copyright Author(s)</p>
          <licence source="text" target="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode">
            <p>Content licence CC BY-NC 4.0</p>
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          <licence source="metadata" target="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode">
            <p>Metadata licence CC0 1.0</p>
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        <p>This is original content, published for academic research purposes</p>
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      <abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>Directed energy deposition (DED) is a major metal additive manufacturing (AM) technology that is increasingly used in many industries due to its ability to manufacture complex components of arbitrary shapes and sizes. However, a lack of timely geometry assessment and the consequent geometry control hinders the development of DED towards zero defect manufacturing. In this study, a real-time geometry assessment methodology is developed for laser pow-der directed energy deposition (LP-DED). A geometry assessment system is developed using a laser line scanner capable of inspecting the melt pool area, the just solidified area, as well as layer-wise inspection. An image processing method with an encoder-decoder based profile completion network was developed to obtain accurate track profile in images from real-time inspection. Experiments have been conducted to validate the proposed methodology by depositing multi-layer X-shape objects</p>
      </abstract>
      <textClass>
        <keywords>
          <list>
            <item>Additive Manufacturing</item>
            <item>Directed energy deposition</item>
            <item>Real-time geometry assessment</item>
            <item>Laser line scanning</item>
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      <p>It is available online at https://doi.org/10.36253/10.36253/979-12-215-0289-3.97<ref target="https://doi.org/10.36253/10.36253/979-12-215-0289-3.97" /></p>
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