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        <title type="main" level="a">Do user comments belong to journalistic articles? A brief visual history of user interaction on selected German and American news websites 1996–2024</title>
        <author>
          <persName n="1" ref="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2822-6082" type="ORCID">
            <forename>Johannes</forename>
            <surname>Paßmann</surname>
            <placeName type="affiliation">Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany</placeName>
          </persName>
          <persName n="2" ref="https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1322-5356" type="ORCID">
            <forename>Martina</forename>
            <surname>Schories</surname>
            <placeName type="affiliation">Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany</placeName>
          </persName>
          <persName n="3" ref="https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7695-974X" type="ORCID">
            <forename>Paul</forename>
            <surname>Heinicker</surname>
            <placeName type="affiliation">Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany</placeName>
          </persName>
        </author>
        <respStmt>
          <resp>This is a section of <title>Exploring the Archived Web during a Highly Transformative Age</title>(DOI: <idno type="DOI">10.36253/979-12-215-0413-2</idno>) by </resp>
          <name>Sophie Gebeil, Jean-Christophe Peyssard</name>
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        <publisher>Firenze University Press</publisher>
        <pubPlace>Florence</pubPlace>
        <date when="2024">2024</date>
        <idno type="DOI">https://doi.org/10.36253/979-12-215-0413-2.20</idno>
        <availability>
          <p>Available for academic research purposes</p>
          <p>Open Access</p>
          <p>Copyright Author(s)</p>
          <licence source="text" target="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode">
            <p>Content licence CC BY 4.0</p>
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        <p>This is original content, published for academic research purposes</p>
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      <abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>The chapter reconstructs a brief history of online commenting, based on the position comments have to journalistic articles on news websites. Its key assumption is derived from paratext theory: Changes in spatial and temporal proximity of texts in the periphery of a main text––such as comments on the same web page as a journalistic article as compared to posts in a separate forum––indicate controversies over relevance of participants in a public discourse. Studying transformations of online comments is thus considered an access point to studying histories of public spheres. With help of a software the authors and colleagues developed, changes in commenting sections are traced and visualized. These changes are detected in a data sample of archived web pages provided by the Internet Archive.</p>
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            <item>commenting</item>
            <item>web archive</item>
            <item>paratext</item>
            <item>news websites</item>
            <item>user comments</item>
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      <p>It is available online at https://doi.org/10.36253/979-12-215-0413-2.20<ref target="https://doi.org/10.36253/979-12-215-0413-2.20" /></p>
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