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        <title type="main" level="a">From passageway to frontier: the Alps in Carolingian times</title>
        <author>
          <persName n="1" ref="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6062-8797" type="ORCID">
            <forename>Katharina</forename>
            <surname>Winckler</surname>
            <placeName type="affiliation">University of Trento, Italy</placeName>
          </persName>
        </author>
        <respStmt>
          <resp>This is a section of <title>Carolingian Frontiers: Italy and Beyond</title>(DOI: <idno type="DOI">10.36253/979-12-215-0416-3</idno>) by </resp>
          <name>Maddalena Betti, Francesco Borri, Stefano Gasparri</name>
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      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Firenze University Press</publisher>
        <pubPlace>Florence</pubPlace>
        <date when="2024">2024</date>
        <idno type="DOI">https://doi.org/10.36253/979-12-215-0416-3.08</idno>
        <availability>
          <p>Available for academic research purposes</p>
          <p>Open Access</p>
          <p>Copyright Author(s)</p>
          <licence source="text" target="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode">
            <p>Content licence CC BY 4.0</p>
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      <abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>The article focuses on the Carolingian frontiers within the Alps: starting with their origins in Roman times and the changes in the Merovingian era, it focuses on the broader developments of the Carolingian period, when many areas of the Alps were reframed into new spatial entities, such as the Eastern Alps eventually becoming part of the Eastern Frankish kingdom.</p>
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        <keywords>
          <list>
            <item>Middle Ages</item>
            <item>6th-9th centuries</item>
            <item>alpine frontiers</item>
            <item>Carolingians</item>
            <item>alpine passes</item>
            <item>alpine strongholds</item>
            <item>alpine roads</item>
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      <p>It is available online at https://doi.org/10.36253/979-12-215-0416-3.08<ref target="https://doi.org/10.36253/979-12-215-0416-3.08" /></p>
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