<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main" level="a">The Evolution of Layout in Cyrenaean Official Documents (4th-2nd Centuries BCE)</title>
        <author>
          <persName n="1" ref="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0402-1074" type="ORCID">
            <forename>Emilio</forename>
            <surname>Rosamilia</surname>
            <placeName type="affiliation">University of Perugia, Italy</placeName>
          </persName>
        </author>
        <respStmt>
          <resp>This is a section of <title>Text, Layout, and Medium</title>(DOI: <idno type="DOI">10.36253/979-12-215-0456-9</idno>) by </resp>
          <name>Davide Amendola, Cristina Carusi, Francesca Maltomini, Emilio Rosamilia</name>
        </respStmt>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Firenze University Press</publisher>
        <pubPlace>Florence</pubPlace>
        <date when="2024">2024</date>
        <idno type="DOI">https://doi.org/10.36253/979-12-215-0456-9.06</idno>
        <availability>
          <p>Available for academic research purposes</p>
          <p>Open Access</p>
          <p>Copyright Author(s)</p>
          <licence source="text" target="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode">
            <p>Content licence CC BY 4.0</p>
          </licence>
          <licence source="metadata" target="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode">
            <p>Metadata licence CC0 1.0</p>
          </licence>
        </availability>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>This is original content, published for academic research purposes</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
    <encodingDesc>
      <appInfo>
        <application version="2.2" ident="Booksflow">
          <desc>Digital edition XML powered by Booksflow</desc>
        </application>
      </appInfo>
    </encodingDesc>
    <profileDesc>
      <abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>Between the 360s and the late second century BCE, Cyrenaean documents attest the importance of a local board of magistrates: the damiergoi, who were in charge of administering some sacred estates and their revenues to fund sacrifices and provide for other city officials. This board of magistrates published their accounts annually on stone in the city’s agora. The thirty-eight surviving accounts can be divided into four different phases and have proved to be an extremely precious source for the evolution of layout strategies, writing media, abbreviations, and numeral systems viewed in a longue durée perspective. From a close examination, further elements stand out, such as how and to what extent other areas – namely Attica and Ptolemaic Egypt – and their administrative traditions influenced the damiergoi’s accounting practices. Moreover, this re-examination of the damiergoi accounts sheds light on an abbreviation found in the early-third-century-CE papyrus Marmarica (P.Marm.), which has so far been misinterpreted as a siglum for an uncommon unit of measurement: the ((hepta))m(etron scil. keramion). Cyrenaean evidence permits an alternative hypothesis, namely that the liquid measure used here is the centuries-old zm(ireus) – i.e., smireus – which is already attested in the accounts of the damiergoi.</p>
      </abstract>
      <textClass>
        <keywords>
          <list>
            <item>Cyrene; damiergoi accounts; numerals; abbreviations; P.Marm.</item>
          </list>
        </keywords>
      </textClass>
    </profileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <p>It is available online at https://doi.org/10.36253/979-12-215-0456-9.06<ref target="https://doi.org/10.36253/979-12-215-0456-9.06" /></p>
      <div>
        <listBibl>
          <head>References</head>
          <bibl n="174654">Alessandr&amp;#236;, S. 2013. “La cronologia Di P.Vat.Gr. 11r (P.Marm.)”, APapyrol 25, 209-241.</bibl>
          <bibl n="174551">Antonetti, C. 1995. “Le tavole di Locri: nuovi contributi al dibattito storico”, Ostraka 4, 351-363.</bibl>
          <bibl n="174132">Bacchielli, L. 1985. “Modelli politici e modelli architettonici a Cirene durante il regime democratico”, in G. Barker, J. Lloyd, and J. Reynolds (eds.), Cyrenaica in Antiquity. Oxford, 1-14.</bibl>
          <bibl n="174005">Bastianini, G. 2011. “Il papiro di Favorino (Pap. Vaticano Greco 11)”, in F. Montanari (ed.), C.A. Ciampi. Favorino d’Arelate e la consolazione Περὶ φυγῆς. Tesi di laurea della Regia Universit&amp;#224; degli Studi di Pisa, a.a. 1940/41. Pisa, 1-5.</bibl>
          <bibl n="174439">Biard, G. 2017. La repr&amp;#233;sentation honorifique dans les cit&amp;#233;s grecques aux &amp;#233;poques classique et hell&amp;#233;nistique. Athens.</bibl>
          <bibl n="174639">Blanchard, A. 1974. Sigles et abr&amp;#233;viations dans les papyrus documentaires grecs. London.</bibl>
          <bibl n="174821">Bonacasa, N., and S. Ensoli. 2000. Cirene. Milan.</bibl>
          <bibl n="174515">Caneva, S.G. 2016. “Short Notes on 3rd-Century Ptolemaic Royal Formulae and Festivals”, ZPE 200, 207-214.</bibl>
          <bibl n="174369">Castrizio, D., and A. Filocamo. 2014. “Agatocle e l’archivio locrese di Zeus Olimpio – Un approccio numismatico”, RBN 160, 217-278.</bibl>
          <bibl n="174022">Catani, E. 1985. “La Coltura della Vite e la Produzione di Vino nella Cirenaica Greca e Romana: le Fonti Storiche e l’Arte Figurativa Antica”, in G. Barker, J. Lloyd, and J. Reynolds (eds.), Cyrenaica in Antiquity. Oxford, 145-164.</bibl>
          <bibl n="174222">Ceccarelli, P., and S. Milanezi. 2007. “Dithyramb, Tragedy – and Cyrene”, in P. Wilson (ed.), The Greek Theatre and Festivals. Documentary Studies. Oxford, 185-214.</bibl>
          <bibl n="174783">Chamoux, F. 1953. Cyr&amp;#232;ne sous la monarchie des Battiades. Paris.</bibl>
          <bibl n="174273">Chamoux, F. 1988. “Les comptes des d&amp;#233;miurges &amp;#224; Cyr&amp;#232;ne”, in D. Knoepfler (ed.), Comptes et inventaires dans la cit&amp;#233; grecque. Neuch&amp;#226;tel - Geneva, 143-154.</bibl>
          <bibl n="174749">Clarysse, W. 1985. “The Athenian Measure at Hermopolis”, ZPE 60, 232-236.</bibl>
          <bibl n="173919">Costabile, F. 1992. “La &amp;#171;contribuzione al re&amp;#187;: ruolo finanziario e cronologia dei magistrati locresi”, in F. Costabile, Polis ed Olympieion a Locri Epizefiri. Costituzione economia e finanze di una citt&amp;#224; della Magna Grecia. Editio altera e traduzione delle tavolette locresi. Soveria Mannelli, 139-149.</bibl>
          <bibl n="174519">De Franciscis, A. 1972. Stato e societ&amp;#224; in Locri Epizefiri (L’archivio dell’Olympieion locrese). Naples.</bibl>
          <bibl n="173918">Del Moro, M.P. 2008. “Le calcare a Cirene: “luoghi di distruzione” e “officine di costruzione”. Per una rilettura dei contesti tardoantichi della polis”, in J. Gonzales, P. Ruggeri, C. Vismara, and R. Zucca (eds.), L’Africa romana XVII. Le ricchezze dell’Africa. Risorse, produzioni, scambi. Rome, 977-990.</bibl>
          <bibl n="174213">Dobias-Lalou, C. 1985. “Le Vocabulaire des Produits Agricoles en Cyr&amp;#233;na&amp;#239;que”, in G. Barker, J. Lloyd, and J. Reynolds (eds.), Cyrenaica in Antiquity. Oxford, 173-182.</bibl>
          <bibl n="174170">Dobias-Lalou, C. 1988. “Τιμάοχος et ses avatars”, in Ἥδιστον λογόδειπνον. Logop&amp;#233;dies. M&amp;#233;langes de Philologie et de Linguistique grecques offerts &amp;#224; Jean Taillardat. Paris, 63-75.</bibl>
          <bibl n="174496">Dobias-Lalou, C. 1993. “Les d&amp;#233;penses engag&amp;#233;es par les d&amp;#233;miurges de Cyr&amp;#232;ne pour les cultes”, REG 106, 24-38.</bibl>
          <bibl n="174655">Dobias-Lalou, C. 2000. “Le dialecte des inscriptions grecques de Cyr&amp;#232;ne”, Karthago 25.</bibl>
          <bibl n="174120">Dobias-Lalou, C. 2015. “Les d&amp;#233;buts de l’&amp;#233;criture en Cyr&amp;#233;na&amp;#239;que”, in A. Inglese (ed.), Epigrammata 3. Saper scrivere nel Mediterraneo antico. Esiti di scrittura fra VI e IV sec. a.C. Rome, 59-80.</bibl>
          <bibl n="174409">Dobias-Lalou, C. 2016. “Sur les listes d’anthroponymes de Cyr&amp;#232;ne &amp;#224; l’&amp;#233;poque hell&amp;#233;nistique”, Studi Ellenistici 30, 239-258.</bibl>
          <bibl n="174165">Dobias-Lalou, C. 2017. “Dire et &amp;#233;crire les nombres en Cyr&amp;#233;na&amp;#239;que: quelques r&amp;#233;flexions”, in A. Inglese (ed.), Epigrammata 4. L’uso dei numeri greci nelle iscrizioni. Rome, 183-208.</bibl>
          <bibl n="174770">Ferri, S. 1923a. Sull’antico sistema numerale cirenaico. Sine loco.</bibl>
          <bibl n="174601">Ferri, S. 1923b. “Tre anni di lavoro archeologico a Cirene (1919-1922)”, Aegyptus 4, 163-182.</bibl>
          <bibl n="174591">Filocamo, A. 2011. “Locri Epizefiri. L’archivio di Zeus e la monetazione”, MEP 12-14, 101-143.</bibl>
          <bibl n="174235">Foraboschi, D. 1996. “Sul sistema numerico cirenaico (S.E.G. IX, 11-44)”, in C. Stella and A. Valvo (eds.), Studi in onore di Albino Garzetti. Brescia, 171-176.</bibl>
          <bibl n="174656">Fraser, P.M. 1958. “Inscriptions from Cyrene”, Berytus 12/2,101-128 and pls. XII-XIII.</bibl>
          <bibl n="174471">Gasparini, M. 2014. “Porte in marmo in templi di Cirene”, in M. Luni (ed.), Cirene greca e romana. Rome, 57-65.</bibl>
          <bibl n="174133">Gasperini, L. 1986. “Il sistema numerale cirenaico e una nuova epigrafe dall’agora di Cirene”, AFLM 19, 357-366 (reprinted in L. Gasperini, Scritti di epigrafia greca. Tivoli 2008, 217-226).</bibl>
          <bibl n="174328">Gasperini, L. 1987. “Sul sistema numerale cirenaico e una nuova epigrafe dall’agora di Cirene”, in Praktika 8th Congress, 2. Athens, 213-217.</bibl>
          <bibl n="173999">Gasperini, L. 1990. “Le laminette plumbee iscritte dal ripostiglio dell’agora di Cirene”, in Giornata Lincea sulla Archeologia Cirenaica. Rome, 17-33 and pls. I-VI (reprinted in L. Gasperini, Scritti di epigrafia greca. Tivoli 2008, 281-309).</bibl>
          <bibl n="174420">Gonis, N. 2009. “Abbreviations and Symbols”, in R.S. Bagnall (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Papyrology. Oxford, 170-178.</bibl>
          <bibl n="174179">Hammerstaedt, J. 2009. “Warum Simonides den Artemidorpapyrus nicht h&amp;#228;tte f&amp;#228;lschen k&amp;#246;nnen: Eine seltene Schreibung f&amp;#252;r Tausender in Inschriften und Papyri”, Chiron 39, 323-337.</bibl>
          <bibl n="174779">Kenrick, P. 2013. Libya Archaeological Guides. Cyrenaica. London.</bibl>
          <bibl n="174721">Laronde, A. 1987. Cyr&amp;#232;ne et la Libye hell&amp;#233;nistique. Libykai Historiai. Paris.</bibl>
          <bibl n="174063">Lazzarini, L., and M. Luni. 2010. “La scultura in marmo a Cirene in et&amp;#224; greca.”, in G. Adornato (ed.), Scolpire il marmo. Importazioni, artisti itineranti, scuole artistiche nel Mediterraneo antico. Milan, 185-222.</bibl>
          <bibl n="174316">Lippolis, E., M. Livadiotti, and G. Rocco. 2007. Architettura greca. Storia e monumenti del mondo della polis dalle origini al V secolo. Milan.</bibl>
          <bibl n="174103">Marengo, S.M. 1996. “Per un’interpretazione delle liste sacerdotali di Cirene”, in L. Bacchielli and M. Bonanno Aravantinos (eds.), Scritti di antichit&amp;#224; in memoria di Sandro Stucchi, 1. Rome, 219-226.</bibl>
          <bibl n="174161">McLean, B.H. 2002. An Introduction to Greek Epigraphy of the Hellenistic and Roman Periods from Alexander the Great Down to the Reign of Constantine (323 B.C.–A.D. 337). Ann Arbor.</bibl>
          <bibl n="174569">Migeotte, L. 2014. Les finances des cit&amp;#233;s grecques aux p&amp;#233;riodes classique et hell&amp;#233;nistique. Paris.</bibl>
          <bibl n="174440">Musti, D. 1979. “Strutture cittadine e funzione del santuario”, in D. Musti (ed.), Le tavole di Locri. Rome, 209-228.</bibl>
          <bibl n="174822">Oliverio, G. 1933. I conti dei Demiurgi. Bergamo.</bibl>
          <bibl n="174602">Purcaro, V. 2001. L’Agor&amp;#224; di Cirene II,3. L’area meridionale del lato ovest dell’Agor&amp;#224;. Rome.</bibl>
          <bibl n="174049">Ricciardetto, A. 2015. “Les documents administratifs du recto du P. Vat. gr. 11”, in&amp;#160;E. Amato and M.-H. Marganne (eds.), Le trait&amp;#233; Sur l&amp;#39;exil de Favorinos d&amp;#39;Arles. Papyrologie, philologie et litt&amp;#233;rature. Rennes, 49-64.</bibl>
          <bibl n="174090">Rieger, A.-K. 2017. “Text and Landscape. The complementarity of the Papiro Vaticano Greco 11 R (PMarm) to landscape-archaeological results from the arid Marmarica (NW-Egypt/NE-Libya)”, Topoi 21, 105-146.</bibl>
          <bibl n="174002">Rosamilia, E. 2016. “Numismatica e documentazione epigrafica: piedi monetali e l’introduzione del bronze standard a Cirene”, in M. Asolati (ed.), Le monete di Cirene e della Cirenaica nel Mediterraneo. Problemi e prospettive. Padua, 283-300.</bibl>
          <bibl n="174388">Rosamilia, E. 2017. “The Introduction of Bronze Standard in Cyrenaica: Evidence from the Damiergoi Accounts”, ZPE 201, 139-154.</bibl>
          <bibl n="174183">Rosamilia, E. 2018. “From Magas to Glaukon. The Long Life of Glaukon of Aithalidai and the Chronology of Ptolemaic Re-Annexation of Cyrene (ca. 250 BCE)”, Chiron 48, 263-300.</bibl>
          <bibl n="174307">Rosamilia, E. 2023a. La citt&amp;#224; del silfio. Istituzioni, culti ed economia di Cirene classica ed ellenistica attraverso le fonti epigrafiche. Pisa.</bibl>
          <bibl n="174335">Rosamilia, E. 2023b. “Un dono degno di un re: coppe d’argento tolemaiche in un’iscrizione di Cirene”, Scienze dell’Antichit&amp;#224; 29/2, 177-189.</bibl>
          <bibl n="174393">Soldati, A. 2009. “Notazioni di migliaia tramite παρακύϊσμα sovrastato da un esponente moltiplicativo”, RAL s. IX 20, 431-436.</bibl>
          <bibl n="174828">Stucchi, S. 1975. Architettura cirenaica. Rome.</bibl>
          <bibl n="174640">Tod, M.N. 1926-1927. “Further Notes on the Greek Acrophonic Numerals”, ABSA 28, 141-167.</bibl>
          <bibl n="174758">Tod, M.N. 1936-1937. “The Greek Acrophonic Numerals”, ABSA 37, 236-258.</bibl>
          <bibl n="173957">Van Compernolle, R. 1992. “Agatocle, Pirro e Locri Epizefiri”, in F. Costabile, Polis ed Olympieion a Locri Epizefiri. Costituzione economia e finanze di una citt&amp;#224; della Magna Grecia. Editio altera e traduzione delle tavolette locresi. Soveria Mannelli, 132-137.</bibl>
          <bibl n="174232">Waisglass, A.A.I. 1954. An Historical Study of Cyrene from the Fall of the Battiad Monarchy to the Close of the Fourth Century B.C. PhD diss. Columbia University.</bibl>
          <bibl n="174730">Wilcken, U. 2010. Fondamenti della Papirologia. Bari (1st ed. Leipzig 1912).</bibl>
        </listBibl>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>