<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main" level="a">The building materials of the Lorenese fort of the tuscan coast</title>
        <author>
          <persName n="1" ref="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0639-1375" type="ORCID">
            <forename>Silvia</forename>
            <surname>Rescic</surname>
            <placeName type="affiliation">CNR-ISPC, Institute of Cultural Heritage Sciences, Italy</placeName>
          </persName>
          <persName n="2" ref="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7314-8872" type="ORCID">
            <forename>Fabio</forename>
            <surname>Fratini</surname>
            <placeName type="affiliation">CNR-ISPC, Institute of Cultural Heritage Sciences, Italy</placeName>
          </persName>
          <persName n="3" ref="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5392-1952" type="ORCID">
            <forename>Manuele</forename>
            <surname>Mattone</surname>
            <placeName type="affiliation">POLITO-DAD, Italy</placeName>
          </persName>
        </author>
        <respStmt>
          <resp>This is a section of <title>Tenth InternationaSymposium Monitoring of Mediterranean Coastal Areas: Problems and Measurement Techniques</title>(DOI: <idno type="DOI">10.36253/979-12-215-0556-6</idno>) by </resp>
          <name>Laura Bonora, Marcantonio Catelani, Matteo De Vincenzi, Giorgio Matteucci</name>
        </respStmt>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Firenze University Press</publisher>
        <pubPlace>Florence</pubPlace>
        <date when="2024">2024</date>
        <idno type="DOI">https://doi.org/10.36253/979-12-215-0556-6.56</idno>
        <availability>
          <p>Available for academic research purposes</p>
          <p>Open Access</p>
          <p>Copyright Author(s)</p>
          <licence source="text" target="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/legalcode">
            <p>Content licence CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</p>
          </licence>
          <licence source="metadata" target="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode">
            <p>Metadata licence CC0 1.0</p>
          </licence>
        </availability>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>This is original content, published for academic research purposes</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
    <encodingDesc>
      <appInfo>
        <application version="2.2" ident="Booksflow">
          <desc>Digital edition XML powered by Booksflow</desc>
        </application>
      </appInfo>
    </encodingDesc>
    <profileDesc>
      <abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>This work examines the natural and artificial stone materials (mortars and bricks) used in the construction of the fortifications realized by the Grand Duke of Tuscany Pietro Leopoldo between 1786 and 1793 along the Tuscan coast. The aim is to verify the possible relationship between the materials used and the stone resources and raw materials (clays for bricks and limestone for the production of lime) of the individual territories, or to ascertain a standardised use of materials, with origin from a single production centre. Furthermore, the state of conservation of these fortifications in relation to decay phenomena will be examined, trying to highlight the influence of environmental factors and the characteristics of the stone materials.</p>
      </abstract>
      <textClass>
        <keywords>
          <list>
            <item>Lorenese Forts</item>
            <item>Tuscany</item>
            <item>Grand Duchy of Tuscany</item>
            <item>Building materials</item>
          </list>
        </keywords>
      </textClass>
    </profileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <p>It is available online at https://doi.org/10.36253/979-12-215-0556-6.56<ref target="https://doi.org/10.36253/979-12-215-0556-6.56" /></p>
      <div>
        <listBibl>
          <head>References</head>
          <bibl n="185900">AAVV- Toscana (2007), Touring Club Italiano, Milano.</bibl>
          <bibl n="185844">Baggiossi I. (1988) - Le torri costiere della Toscana, Newton Compton, Roma, 310 pp.</bibl>
          <bibl n="185400">Faglia V. (1974) - La difesa anticorsara in Italia dal XVI secolo. Le torri costiere e gli edifici rurali fortificati, Istituto Italiano dei Castelli, Roma</bibl>
          <bibl n="184461">
            <bibl>Guarducci A. (2015) - Le fortificazioni della Toscana tirrenica: evoluzione geo-storica e condizioni attuali, in Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. XV to XVIII centuries / Vol I / Rodr&amp;#237;guez-Navarro (Ed.), Editorial Universitat Polit&amp;#232;cnica de Valencia, 97-104.</bibl>
            <idno type="DOI">10.4995/FORTMED2015.2015.1676</idno>
          </bibl>
          <bibl n="185520">Manetti R. (1991) -Torri costiere del litorale toscano. Loro territorio e antico ruolo di vigilanza costiera, Alinea Editrice, Firenze, 183 pp.</bibl>
          <bibl n="185829">Mazzolai A. (1997) - Guida della Maremma. Percorsi tra arte e natura, Le Lettere, Firenze</bibl>
          <bibl n="185763">Mordhorst S. (a cura di) (1996) -Guida alla Val di Cecina da Volterra al mare, Siena, Nuova Immagine Siena</bibl>
          <bibl n="185216">Parisi M. (a cura di) (2001) -Grosseto dentro e fuori porta. L&amp;#39;emozione e il pensiero (Associazione Archeologica Maremmana e Comune di Grosseto), C&amp;amp;P Adver Effigi Siena, 2001</bibl>
          <bibl n="185451">Guerrini G. (a cura di) (1999) - Torri e Castelli della Provincia di Grosseto (Amministrazione Provinciale di Grosseto), Nuova Immagine Editrice Siena</bibl>
          <bibl n="185902">https://earth.google.com/ (accessed on 15 may 2024)</bibl>
          <bibl n="185741">Sartori R. (2004) -Panchina: materiale lapideo tipico di Livorno e di Volterra, Bollettino Ingegneri, 11, 13-16</bibl>
          <bibl n="184219">
            <bibl>Fratini F., Pecchioni E., Cantisani E., Rescic S., Vettori S. (2014) - Pietra Serena: the stone of the Renaissance, Pereira D., Marker B.R., Kramar S., Cooper B.J. &amp;amp; Schouenborg B.E. (eds) Global Heritage Stone: Towards International Recognition of Building and Ornamental Stones. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 407, 173–186. First published online September 3, 2014, The Geological Society of London</bibl>
            <idno type="DOI">10.1144/sp407.11</idno>
          </bibl>
          <bibl n="185311">
            <bibl>Pecchioni, E., Fratini, F., Cantisani E. (2014a) Atlas of the ancient mortars in thin section under optical microscope. Quaderni di Kermes, Florence, Nardini Editore</bibl>
            <idno type="DOI">10.1016/j.culher.2015.03.004</idno>
          </bibl>
          <bibl n="184222">
            <bibl>Pecchioni, E., Quaresima, R., Fratini, F., Cantisani E. (2014b) - Importance of mortars characterization in the structural behaviour of monumental and civil buildings: case histories in L’Aquila, Lollino, D. Giordan, C. Marunteanu, B. Christaras, I. Yoshinori, C. Margottini (eds) Engineering Geology for Society and Territory vol. 8 –Preservation of Cultural Heritage, Springer International Publishing, 87- 391</bibl>
            <idno type="DOI">10.1007/978-3-319-09408-3_67</idno>
          </bibl>
          <bibl n="184557">
            <bibl>Scala, A., Gabbrielli, F., Giamello, M., Mugnaini, S. (2021) -Archaeometric analysis of building mortars used in the historic centre of Siena (Italy) between the 13th and 16th centuries, Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 35, February 2021</bibl>
            <idno type="DOI">10.1016/j.jasrep.2021.102790</idno>
          </bibl>
        </listBibl>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>