<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main" level="a">Preface</title>
        <author>
          <persName n="1" ref="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6670-7509" type="ORCID">
            <forename>Giuseppe</forename>
            <surname>Albertoni</surname>
            <placeName type="affiliation">University of Trento, Italy</placeName>
          </persName>
          <persName n="2" ref="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4669-3239" type="ORCID">
            <forename>Manuel</forename>
            <surname>Fauliri</surname>
            <placeName type="affiliation">University of Trento, Italy</placeName>
          </persName>
          <persName n="3" ref="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2904-7959" type="ORCID">
            <forename>Leonardo</forename>
            <surname>Sernagiotto</surname>
            <placeName type="affiliation">University of Padua, Italy</placeName>
          </persName>
        </author>
        <respStmt>
          <resp>This is a section of <title>Aristocratic networks. Elites and social dynamics in Italy in the age of Lothar I</title>(DOI: <idno type="DOI">10.36253/979-12-215-0771-3</idno>) by </resp>
          <name>Giuseppe Albertoni, Manuel Fauliri, Leonardo Sernagiotto</name>
        </respStmt>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Firenze University Press</publisher>
        <pubPlace>Florence</pubPlace>
        <date when="2025">2025</date>
        <idno type="DOI">https://doi.org/10.36253/979-12-215-0771-3.02</idno>
        <availability>
          <p>Available for academic research purposes</p>
          <p>Open Access</p>
          <p>Copyright Author(s)</p>
          <licence source="text" target="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode">
            <p>Content licence CC BY 4.0</p>
          </licence>
          <licence source="metadata" target="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode">
            <p>Metadata licence CC0 1.0</p>
          </licence>
        </availability>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>This is original content, published for academic research purposes</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
    <encodingDesc>
      <appInfo>
        <application version="2.2" ident="Booksflow">
          <desc>Digital edition XML powered by Booksflow</desc>
        </application>
      </appInfo>
    </encodingDesc>
    <profileDesc>
      <abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>This short preface is divided into two parts. The first aims to recall the research project Ruling in hard times. Patterns of power and practices of government in the making of Carolingian Italy, to which this volume belongs. The second part recalls the epistemological principles common to the various essays and, in particular, highlights an aspect that characterises them: the desire to move away from a stereotypical opposition between local elites and the “transalpine” Reichsaristokratie that has long dominated the study of Carolingian Italy.</p>
      </abstract>
      <textClass>
        <keywords>
          <list>
            <item>Middle Ages</item>
            <item>ninth century</item>
            <item>Carolingian Italy</item>
            <item>emperor Lothar I</item>
            <item>elite</item>
            <item>aristocracy.</item>
          </list>
        </keywords>
      </textClass>
    </profileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <p>It is available online at https://doi.org/10.36253/979-12-215-0771-3.02<ref target="https://doi.org/10.36253/979-12-215-0771-3.02" /></p>
      <div>
        <listBibl>
          <head>References</head>
          <bibl n="207238">After Charlemagne. Carolingian Italy and its rulers, ed. C. Gantner, W. Pohl, Cambridge 2021.</bibl>
          <bibl n="206928">S. Airlie, The aristocracy, in The New Cambridge Medieval History, vol. 2, c. 700-c. 900, ed. R. McKitterick, Cambridge 1995, pp. 431-450.</bibl>
          <bibl n="206961">Between Ostrogothic and Carolingian Italy. Survivals, revivals, ruptures, ed. F. Oppedisano, Firenze 2022 (Reti Medievali E-Book, 43).</bibl>
          <bibl n="207209">F. Bougard, Being an aristocrat in the kingdom of Italy in the age of Lothar I (in this volume).</bibl>
          <bibl n="206736">F. Bougard, G. B&amp;#252;hrer-Thierry, R. Le Jan, Les &amp;#233;lites du haut Moyen &amp;#194;ge. Identit&amp;#233;s, strat&amp;#233;gies, mobilit&amp;#233;, in &amp;#171;Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales&amp;#187;, 68 (2013), 4, p. 1079-1112.</bibl>
          <bibl n="207042">Carolingian frontiers: Italy and beyond, ed. M. Betti, F. Borri, S. Gasparri, Firenze 2024 (Reti Medievali E-Book, 48).</bibl>
          <bibl n="206329">S.M. Collavini, Spazi politici e irraggiamento sociale delle &amp;#233;lites laiche intermedie (Italia centrale, secoli VIII-X), in Les &amp;#233;lites et leurs espaces. Mobilit&amp;#233;, rayonnement, domination (du VIe au XIe si&amp;#232;cle), ed. P. Depreux, F. Bougard, R. Le Jan, Turnhout 2007 (Haut Moyen &amp;#194;ge, 5), pp. 319-340.</bibl>
          <bibl n="207175">E. Cortese, L’aristocrazia toscana. Sette secoli (VI-XII), Spoleto 2017 (Istituzioni e societ&amp;#224;, 23).</bibl>
          <bibl n="207282">W. Davis, Small worlds. The village community in early medieval Brittany, London 1988.</bibl>
          <bibl n="206858">P. Delogu, Lombard and Carolingian Italy, in The new Cambridge medieval history, vol. 2, c. 700-c. 900, ed. R. McKitterick, Cambridge 1995, pp. 290-319.</bibl>
          <bibl n="206986">Les &amp;#233;lites au haut Moyen &amp;#194;ge: crises et renouvellements, ed. F. Bougard, L. Feller, R. Le Jan, Turnhout 2006 (Haut Moyen &amp;#194;ge, 1).</bibl>
          <bibl n="207357">V. Fumagalli, Storia d&amp;#39;Italia, vol. 2, Il regno italico, Torino 1978.</bibl>
          <bibl n="206481">E. Hlawitschka, Franken, Alemannen, Bayern und Burgunder in Oberitalien (774–962). Zum Verst&amp;#228;ndnis der fr&amp;#228;nkischen K&amp;#246;nigsherrschaft in Italien, Freiburg im Breisgau 1960 (Forschungen zur oberrheinischen Landesgeschichte, 8).</bibl>
          <bibl n="207019">M. Marrocchi, Lotario I, imperatore, re d’Italia, in Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani, vol. 66, Roma 2006, pp. 171-176.</bibl>
          <bibl n="206559">Networks of bishops, networks of texts. Manuscripts, legal cultures, tools of government in Carolingian Italy at the time of Lothar I, ed. G. De Angelis, F. Veronese, Firenze 2022 (Reti Medievali E-Book, 41).</bibl>
          <bibl n="206408">S. Patzold, Zwischen Gerichtsurteil und politischem Mord. Der r&amp;#228;tselhafte Tod K&amp;#246;nig Bernhards von Italien im Jahr 818, in Politische Morde in der Geschichte. Von der Antike bis zur Gegenwart, ed. G. Schild, A. Schindling, Paderborn 2012, pp. 37-54.</bibl>
          <bibl n="206308">S. Patzold, Integration durch Kommunikation. Ein Versuch &amp;#252;ber Herrscher, missi und Kapitularien im Karolingerreich, in Die Interaktion von Herrschern und Eliten in imperialen Ordnungen des Mittelalters, ed. W. Drews, Berlin-Boston 2018 (Das Mittelalter. Perspektiven medi&amp;#228;vistischer Forschung. Beihefte, 8), pp. 191-211.</bibl>
          <bibl n="206467">P. Predatsch, Migration im karolingischen Italien. Herrschaft, Sozialverh&amp;#228;ltnisse in Lucca und das Schreiben &amp;#252;ber Gruppen, Berlin-Boston 2021 (Europa im Mittelalter. Abhandlungen und Beitr&amp;#228;ge zur historischen Komparatistik, 38).</bibl>
          <bibl n="206726">Ruling in hard times. Patterns of power and practices of government in the making of Carolingian Italy, ed. G. Albertoni, G. De Angelis, S. Gasparri, F. Oppedisano, forthcoming.</bibl>
          <bibl n="206401">M. Sch&amp;#228;pers, Lothar I. (795–855) und das Frankenreich, K&amp;#246;ln 2018 (Rheinisches Archiv. Ver&amp;#246;ffentlichungen der Abteilung f&amp;#252;r Geschichte der Fr&amp;#252;hen Neuzeit und Rheinische Landesgeschichte des Instituts f&amp;#252;r Geschichtswissenschaft der Universit&amp;#228;t Bonn, 159).</bibl>
          <bibl n="206680">L. Sernagiotto, Spes optima regni. L&amp;#39;azione politica di Lotario I (795-855) alla luce delle fonti storico-narrative del secolo IX, PhD thesis, Universit&amp;#224; degli Studi di Trento, 2017.</bibl>
          <bibl n="206929">Spes Italiae. The kingdom of Pippin, the Carolingians and Italy (781-810), ed. G. Albertoni, F. Borri, Turnhout 2022 (Haut Moyen &amp;#194;ge, 44).</bibl>
          <bibl n="206939">P. Tomei, Milites elegantes. Le strutture aristocratiche nel territorio lucchese (896-1100 c.), Firenze 2019 (Reti Medievali E-Book, 34).</bibl>
          <bibl n="207030">B. Zeller, C. West, F. Tinti et al., Neighbours and strangers. Local societies in early medieval Europe, Manchester 2020.</bibl>
        </listBibl>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>