The study considers the growing importance of the Apocalypse in late 15th-century Russia, attributed to Western influences and eschatological anxiety about the end of the seventh millennium (1492). In particular, the article analyzes the different hermeneutical functions of the Woman of Apocalypse in three key texts. In the anonymous On Offenses Against the Church, the figure has a traditional eschatological purpose, exhorting fidelity to Christian doctrine. In contrast, the starec Filofej uses the image in his Letter to M.G. Misjur' Munechin to legitimize the concept of translatio imperii to Moscow. Finally, in Discourse on Instability and Chaos, Maximus the Greek transforms the woman into “Vasilija”, a personification of the charisma of power used to criticize the moral decadence of contemporary states. The study demonstrates how a single biblical motif was reused to support different theological and political views in the Muscovite context.