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        <title type="main" level="a">Venetian creditors and Ottoman defaulters: handling bankruptcy in seventeenth-century Istanbul</title>
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          <persName n="1" ref="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6847-5067" type="ORCID">
            <forename>Tommaso</forename>
            <surname>Stefini</surname>
            <placeName type="affiliation">Sabancı University, Turkey</placeName>
          </persName>
        </author>
        <respStmt>
          <resp>This is a section of <title>Gestione del rischio, insolvenza e bancarotta nel mondo premoderno (secc. XIII-XVIII) / Risk management, insolvency, and bankruptcy in the pre-modern world (13th-18th centuries)</title>(DOI: <idno type="DOI">10.36253/979-12-215-0963-2</idno>) by </resp>
          <name>Angela Orlandi</name>
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        <publisher>Firenze University Press</publisher>
        <pubPlace>Florence</pubPlace>
        <date when="2026">2026</date>
        <idno type="DOI">https://doi.org/10.36253/979-12-215-0963-2.05</idno>
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          <p>Available for academic research purposes</p>
          <p>Open Access</p>
          <p>Copyright Author(s)</p>
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            <p>Content licence CC BY 4.0</p>
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      <abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>Despite bankruptcies being a ubiquitous occurrence in European communities trading in the Ottoman Empire during the early modern period, they have aroused little scholarly interest so far. This study aims to fill this gap by analyzing bankruptcy disputes between the Venetian and Ottoman merchants in Istanbul in the early seventeenth century. By examining the resolutions of these controversies through litigation in Ottoman Islamic courts and consular tribunals, as well as international diplomacy and out-of-court settlements, this piece demonstrates how Venetian and Ottoman authorities established an inter-polity system of courts and state obligations to prevent and manage bankruptcies among international merchants.</p>
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          <list>
            <item>Ottoman Empire</item>
            <item>Islamic law</item>
            <item>bankruptcy</item>
            <item>Venetian trade</item>
            <item>Istanbul.</item>
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      <p>It is available online at https://doi.org/10.36253/979-12-215-0963-2.05<ref target="https://doi.org/10.36253/979-12-215-0963-2.05" /></p>
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