The first part explores the figure of Diana–Artemis from antiquity to the nineteenth century through religion, visual arts, and literature, tracing the transformations of her cult, iconography, and literary reception from ancient traditions to their reinterpretations in modern German culture. The chapter offers a diachronic overview of the cult of Diana–Artemis from antiquity to the nineteenth century, from Ephesian Diana, Artemis Ilithyia, Italic Diana and Trivia to the assimilation of the Ephesian cult with the Virgin and the later persecution of paganism attested by the idol of Trier.