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        <title type="main">La riforma universitaria nel quadro dei sistemi di governance europei</title>
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            <forename>Marino</forename>
            <surname>Regini</surname>
            <placeName type="affiliation">University of Milan, Italy</placeName>
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        </author>
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        <publisher>Firenze University Press</publisher>
        <pubPlace>Florence</pubPlace>
        <date when="2014">2014</date>
        <idno type="DOI">https://doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6655-592-6</idno>
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          <p>Available for academic research purposes</p>
          <p>Open Access</p>
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            <p>Content licence CC BY 4.0</p>
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        <title>Lectio Magistralis</title>
        <idno type="ISSN" subtype="print">2612-7725</idno>
        <idno type="ISSN" subtype="electronic">2704-5935</idno>
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          <date>2014</date>
          <idno type="ISBN" subtype="electronic">978-88-6655-592-6</idno>
          <biblScope unit="page">48 pages</biblScope>
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            <p>This is original content, published in Open Access. It is also available to read for free online at <ref target="https://media.fupress.com/files/pdf/24/2741/2741_21479">https://media.fupress.com/files/pdf/24/2741/2741_21479</ref></p>
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          <date>2014</date>
          <idno type="ISBN" subtype="electronic">978-88-6655-594-0</idno>
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            <p>This is original content, published in Open Access. It is also available to read for free online at <ref target="https://media.fupress.com/files/epub/24/2741/2741_21480">https://media.fupress.com/files/epub/24/2741/2741_21480</ref></p>
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          <date>2014</date>
          <idno type="ISBN" subtype="electronic">978-88-5518-933-0</idno>
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          <edition n="4">Print edition</edition>
          <date>2014</date>
          <idno type="ISBN" subtype="print">978-88-6655-584-1</idno>
          <biblScope unit="page">48 pages</biblScope>
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        <tag>peer-reviewed</tag>
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      <abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>Over the past 30 years, all European countries have been affected by reorganization processes concerning their higher education systems. In this volume, two aspects of this type of reorganization are discussed: changes in governance models and differentiation processes within the various higher education systems. The new governance models of higher education systems are based on three pillars: autonomy, evaluation and competition. Everywhere, universities were managed in a more business-like fashion, strengthening the central leadership and reducing the power of the collective bodies. In Italy, autonomy has developed in a distorted way, and for a long time has not been accompanied by evaluation and competition. In addition to reforming governance, European governments have responded to the students’ mass demand for university access with different backgrounds and ambitions, differentiating the higher education systems in the concerned countries. There was a first surge of differentiation in the 1960s and 1970s, and a second one took place in the late 1990s. Italy was an exception, and in this lies the origin of most of the problems of Italian universities, which the volume discusses while also offering possible solutions.</p>
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      <abstract xml:lang="it">
        <p>Negli ultimi 30 anni tutti i Paesi europei sono stati interessati da processi di riorganizzazione dei propri sistemi di istruzione superiore (SIS). In questo volume vengono discussi due aspetti di questa riorganizzazione: i mutamenti nei modelli di governance e i processi di differenziazione interna ai vari SIS.
I nuovi modelli di governance dei SIS si basano su tre pilastri: autonomia, valutazione e competizione. Ovunque si è puntato a una gestione più manageriale degli atenei, rafforzando la leadership centrale e riducendo il potere degli organi collegiali. In Italia l’autonomia si è sviluppata in modo distorto, per lungo tempo non accompagnata da valutazione e competizione.
Oltre a riformare la governance, i governi europei hanno risposto alla domanda di accesso all’università di una massa di studenti con backgrounds e ambizioni diverse differenziando i SIS dei loro Paesi. Una prima ondata di differenziazione ha avuto luogo nei decenni 1960-70, e una seconda ondata nei tardi anni ’90. L’Italia ha fatto eccezione, e in questo sta l’origine di gran parte dei problemi dell’università italiana, che il volume discute proponendo anche delle soluzioni possibili.
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      <p>It is available online at https://doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6655-592-6<ref target="https://doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6655-592-6" /></p>
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