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        <title type="main" level="a">England’s Maritime and Commercial Networks in the Late Middle Ages</title>
        <author>
          <persName n="1">
            <forename>Wendy R.</forename>
            <surname>Childs</surname>
            <placeName type="affiliation">University of Leeds, United Kingdom</placeName>
          </persName>
        </author>
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          <resp>This is a section of <title>Reti marittime come fattori dell’integrazione europea / Maritime Networks as a Factor in European Integration</title>(DOI: <idno type="DOI">10.36253/978-88-6453-856-3</idno>) by </resp>
          <name>Giampiero Nigro</name>
        </respStmt>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Firenze University Press</publisher>
        <pubPlace>Firenze</pubPlace>
        <date when="2019">2019</date>
        <idno type="DOI">https://doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-857-0.06</idno>
        <availability>
          <p>Available for academic research purposes</p>
          <p>Open Access</p>
          <p>Copyright Author(s)</p>
          <licence source="text" target="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode">
            <p>Content licence CC BY 4.0</p>
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        <p>This is original content, published for academic research purposes</p>
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      <abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>This paper, basing its analysis on England’s national customs accounts between the thirteenth and fifteenth centuries, briefly examines England’s ports as commercial nodes (of which London was the busiest, with Hull, Southampton and Bristol becoming the main regional hubs by the fifteenth century), its shipping (which provided both liner and tramping services and sailed all year round), and its exports (which shifted from wool to woollen cloth over the period). It then focuses on the range of markets with which English merchants and ships had direct maritime contacts.</p>
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        <keywords>
          <list>
            <item>england</item>
            <item>commercial networks</item>
            <item>economic history</item>
            <item>international trade</item>
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      <p>It is available online at https://doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-857-0.06<ref target="https://doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-857-0.06" /></p>
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