<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main" level="a">Measuring content validity of academic psychological capital and locus of control in fresh graduates</title>
        <author>
          <persName n="1" ref="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2982-7178" type="ORCID">
            <forename>Pasquale</forename>
            <surname>Anselmi</surname>
            <placeName type="affiliation">University of Padua, Italy</placeName>
          </persName>
          <persName n="2" ref="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2840-9193" type="ORCID">
            <forename>Daiana</forename>
            <surname>Colledani</surname>
            <placeName type="affiliation">University of Padua, Italy</placeName>
          </persName>
          <persName n="3" ref="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8657-8361" type="ORCID">
            <forename>Luigi</forename>
            <surname>Fabbris</surname>
            <placeName type="affiliation">University of Padua, Italy</placeName>
          </persName>
          <persName n="4" ref="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7583-2587" type="ORCID">
            <forename>Egidio</forename>
            <surname>Robusto</surname>
            <placeName type="affiliation">University of Padua, Italy</placeName>
          </persName>
          <persName n="5" ref="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3192-4030" type="ORCID">
            <forename>Manuela</forename>
            <surname>Scioni</surname>
            <placeName type="affiliation">University of Padua, Italy</placeName>
          </persName>
        </author>
        <respStmt>
          <resp>This is a section of <title>ASA 2021 Statistics and Information Systems for Policy Evaluation</title>(DOI: <idno type="DOI">10.36253/978-88-5518-304-8</idno>) by </resp>
          <name>Bruno Bertaccini, Luigi Fabbris, Alessandra Petrucci</name>
        </respStmt>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Firenze University Press</publisher>
        <pubPlace>Firenze</pubPlace>
        <date when="2021">2021</date>
        <idno type="DOI">https://doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-304-8.06</idno>
        <availability>
          <p>Available for academic research purposes</p>
          <p>Open Access</p>
          <p>Copyright Author(s)</p>
          <licence source="text" target="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode">
            <p>Content licence CC BY 4.0</p>
          </licence>
          <licence source="metadata" target="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode">
            <p>Metadata licence CC0 1.0</p>
          </licence>
        </availability>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>This is original content, published for academic research purposes</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
    <encodingDesc>
      <appInfo>
        <application version="2.2" ident="Booksflow">
          <desc>Digital edition XML powered by Booksflow</desc>
        </application>
      </appInfo>
    </encodingDesc>
    <profileDesc>
      <abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>Positive psychological capital (PsyCap; hope, resilience, self-efficacy, and optimism) and locus of control (LoC; internal and external) denote psychological dimensions which have been identified as crucial resources for occupational satisfaction and success. These dimensions could impact fresh graduates’ ability to stand the labour market in times of crisis. Two instruments, called Academic PsyCap and Academic LoC, have been specifically developed to evaluate these dimensions among fresh graduates. The two instruments consist of 34 and 10 items respectively, which have been selected, through factor analyses, from a large initial pool of items administered to fresh graduated at the University of Padova. Results suggested adequate psychometric properties for both Academic PsyCap and Academic LoC. The factor structure of the two instruments was confirmed (CFI = .92, RMSEA = .07, SRMR = .07 for Academic PsyCap; CFI = .96, RMSEA = .05, SRMR = .05 for Academic LoC), and internal consistency was satisfactory for all the subscales. The two instruments are presented, and their psychometric properties are described.</p>
      </abstract>
      <textClass>
        <keywords>
          <list>
            <item>Psychological capital</item>
            <item>Locus of control</item>
            <item>University graduates</item>
            <item>Hope</item>
            <item>Resilience</item>
            <item>Self-efficacy</item>
          </list>
        </keywords>
      </textClass>
    </profileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <p>It is available online at https://doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-304-8.06<ref target="https://doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-304-8.06" /></p>
      <div>
        <listBibl>
          <head>References</head>
          <bibl n="33561">
            <bibl>Asparouhov, T., Muth&amp;#233;n, B. (2009). Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 16(3), pp. 397-438.</bibl>
            <idno type="DOI">10.1080/10705510903008204</idno>
          </bibl>
          <bibl n="33562">
            <bibl>Avey, J.B., Luthans, F., Youssef, C.M. (2010). The Additive Value of Positive Psychological Capital in Predicting Work Attitudes and Behaviors. Journal of Management, 36, pp. 430- 452.</bibl>
            <idno type="DOI">10.1177/0149206308329961</idno>
          </bibl>
          <bibl n="33563">
            <bibl>Avey, J.B., Reichard, R.S., Luthans, F., Mhatre, K.H. (2011). Meta-Analysis of the Impact of Positive Psychological Capital on Employee Attitudes, Behaviors, and Performance. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 22, pp. 127-152.</bibl>
            <idno type="DOI">10.1002/hrdq.20070</idno>
          </bibl>
          <bibl n="33564">Brown, T.A. (2006). Confirmatory Factor Analysis for Applied Research. Guilford Press, New York, (NY).</bibl>
          <bibl n="33565">
            <bibl>Chemers, M.M., Hu, L.T., Garcia, B.F. (2001). Academic Self-Efficacy and First Year College Student Performance and Adjustment. Journal of Educational Psychology, 93(1), pp. 55-64.</bibl>
            <idno type="DOI">10.1037/0022-0663.93.1.55</idno>
          </bibl>
          <bibl n="33566">
            <bibl>Clifton, R.A., Perry,  R.P., Stubbs, C.A., Roberts, L.W. (2004). Faculty Environments, Psychosocial Dispositions, and the Academic Achievement of College Students. Research in Higher Education, 45(8), pp. 801-828.</bibl>
            <idno type="DOI">10.1007/s11162-004-5950-2</idno>
          </bibl>
          <bibl n="33567">Conti, R. (2000). College Goals: Do Self-Determined and Carefully Considered Goals Predict Intrinsic  Motivation, Academic Performance, and Adjustment during the First  Semester?. Social Psychology of Education, 4(2), pp. 189-211.</bibl>
          <bibl n="33568">
            <bibl>Drago, A., Rheinheimer, D.C., Detweiler, T.N. (2018). Effects of Locus of Control, Academic Self-Efficacy, and Tutoring on Academic Performance. Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory &amp;amp; Practice, 19(4), pp. 433-451.</bibl>
            <idno type="DOI">10.1177/1521025116645602</idno>
          </bibl>
          <bibl n="33569">
            <bibl>Elias, S.M., Loomis, R.J. (2002). Utilizing Need for Cognition and Perceived Self‐Efficacy to Predict Academic Performance. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 32(8), pp. 1687-1702.</bibl>
            <idno type="DOI">10.1111/j.1559-1816.2002.tb02770.x</idno>
          </bibl>
          <bibl n="33570">
            <bibl>Flora, D.B., Curran, P.J. (2004). An Empirical Evaluation of Alternative Methods of Estimation for Confirmatory Factor Analysis with Ordinal Data. Psychological Methods, 9, pp. 466-491.</bibl>
            <idno type="DOI">10.1037/1082-989x.9.4.466</idno>
          </bibl>
          <bibl n="33571">
            <bibl>Hansen, A., Buitendach, J.H., Kanengoni, H. (2015). Psychological Capital, Subjective Well- Being, Burnout and Job Satisfaction Amongst Educators in the Umlazi Region in  South Africa. SA Journal of Human Resource Management, 13(1), pp. 1-9.</bibl>
            <idno type="DOI">10.4102/sajhrm.v13i1.621</idno>
          </bibl>
          <bibl n="33572">
            <bibl>Judge, T.A., Bono, J.E. (2001). Relationship of Core Self-Evaluations Traits–Self-Esteem, Generalized Self-Efficacy, Locus of Control, and Emotional Stability–with Job  Satisfaction and Job Performance: A Meta-Analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86, pp. 80-92.</bibl>
            <idno type="DOI">10.1037/0021-9010.86.1.80</idno>
          </bibl>
          <bibl n="33573">
            <bibl>Lefcourt, H.M. (2014). Locus of Control: Current Trends in Theory &amp;amp; Research (2nd ed.). Psychology Press, New York, (NY).</bibl>
            <idno type="DOI">10.4324/9781315798813</idno>
          </bibl>
          <bibl n="33574">
            <bibl>Levenson,  H.  (1981).  Differentiating  among   Internality,   Powerful   Others,   and  Chance. Research with the Locus of Control Construct, 1, pp. 15-63.</bibl>
            <idno type="DOI">10.1016/b978-0-12-443201-7.50006-3</idno>
          </bibl>
          <bibl n="33575">
            <bibl>Luthans, F., Avey, J.B., Patera, J.L. (2008). Experimental Analysis of a Web-based Training Intervention to Develop Positive Psychological Capital. Academy of Management Learning and Education, 7, pp. 209-221.</bibl>
            <idno type="DOI">10.5465/amle.2008.32712618</idno>
          </bibl>
          <bibl n="33576">
            <bibl>Luthans, F., Avolio, B.J., Avey, J.B., Norman, S.M. (2007). Positive Psychological Capital: Measurement  and  Relationship  with  Performance  and Satisfaction. Personnel Psychology, 60(3), pp. 541-572.</bibl>
            <idno type="DOI">10.1111/j.1744-6570.2007.00083.x</idno>
          </bibl>
          <bibl n="33577">
            <bibl>Luthans, F., Youssef, C.M., Avolio, B.J. (2007). Psychological capital: Investing and developing positive organizational behavior, in Positive Organizational Behavior: Accentuating the Positive at Work, eds. D. Nelson, and C.L. Cooper, Sage, Thousand Oaks, (CA), pp. 9-24.</bibl>
            <idno type="DOI">10.4135/9781446212752.n2</idno>
          </bibl>
          <bibl n="33578">
            <bibl>Marsh, H.W., Hau, K.T., Wen, Z. (2004). In Search of Golden Rules: Comment on Hypothesis-Testing Approaches to Setting Cutoff Values for Fit Indexes and Dangers in Overgeneralizing Hu and Bentler&amp;#39;s (1999) Findings. Structural Equation Modeling, 11(3), pp. 320-341.</bibl>
            <idno type="DOI">10.1207/s15328007sem1103_2</idno>
          </bibl>
          <bibl n="33579">
            <bibl>McKenzie, K., Schweitzer, R. (2001). Who Succeeds at University? Factors Predicting Academic Performance in First Year Australian University Students. Higher Education Research &amp;amp; Development, 20(1), pp. 21-33.</bibl>
            <idno type="DOI">10.1080/07924360120043621</idno>
          </bibl>
          <bibl n="33580">Mohamed, A.A., Mohammed, A.M., Ahmed, H.A.E. (2018). Relation between Locus of Control and Academic Achievement of Nursing Students at Damanhour University. IOSR Journal of Nursing and Health Science (IOSR-JNHS), 7, pp. 1-13.</bibl>
          <bibl n="33581">Muth&amp;#233;n, B.O., Muth&amp;#233;n, L.K. (2012). Mplus Version 7: User’s Guide. Muth&amp;#233;n &amp;amp; Muth&amp;#233;n, Los Angeles, (CA).</bibl>
          <bibl n="33582">Nunn, G.D., Nunn, S.J. (1993). Locus of Control and School Performance: Some Implications for Teachers. Education, 113(4), pp. 636-641.</bibl>
          <bibl n="33583">
            <bibl>Raykov, T. (2001). Bias of Coefficient α for Fixed Congeneric Measures with Correlated Errors. Applied Psychological Measurement, 25(1), pp. 69-76.</bibl>
            <idno type="DOI">10.1177/01466216010251005</idno>
          </bibl>
          <bibl n="33584">Robusto, E., Maeran, R., Colledani, D., Anselmi, P., Scioni, M. (2019). Development of two Scales for Measuring Academic Psychological Capital and Locus of Control in Fresh Graduates. Italian Journal of Applied Statistics, 31(1), pp. 13-28.</bibl>
          <bibl n="33585">
            <bibl>Rotter, J.B. (1966). Generalized Expectancies for Internal versus External Control of Reinforcement. Psychological Monographs: General and Applied, 80(1), pp. 1-28.</bibl>
            <idno type="DOI">10.1037/h0092976</idno>
          </bibl>
          <bibl n="33586">
            <bibl>Seligman, M.E., Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2014). Positive psychology: An introduction, in Flow and the Foundations of Positive Psychology. The Collected Works of Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, ed. M. Csikszentmihalyi, Springer, Dordrecht, (NL), pp. 279-298.</bibl>
            <idno type="DOI">10.1007/978-94-017-9088-8_18</idno>
          </bibl>
          <bibl n="33587">
            <bibl>Sharpe, J.P., Martin, N.R., Roth, K.A. (2011). Optimism and the Big Five Factors of Personality: Beyond Neuroticism and Extraversion. Personality and Individual Differences, 51(8), pp. 946- 951.</bibl>
            <idno type="DOI">10.1016/j.paid.2011.07.033</idno>
          </bibl>
          <bibl n="33588">
            <bibl>Snyder, C.R., Shorey, H.S., Cheavens, J., Pulvers, K.M., Adams III, V.H., Wiklund, C. (2002). Hope and Academic Success in College. Journal of Educational Psychology, 94(4), pp. 820- 826.</bibl>
            <idno type="DOI">10.1037/0022-0663.94.4.820</idno>
          </bibl>
          <bibl n="33589">
            <bibl>Stanton, H.E. (1982). Modification of Locus of Control: Using the RSI Technique in the Schools. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 7, pp. 190-194.</bibl>
            <idno type="DOI">10.1016/0361-476x(82)90043-1</idno>
          </bibl>
          <bibl n="33590">
            <bibl>Trice, A.D. (1985). An academic Locus of Control Scale for College Students. Perceptual  and Motor Skills, 61, pp. 1043-1046.</bibl>
            <idno type="DOI">10.2466/pms.1985.61.3f.1043</idno>
          </bibl>
          <bibl n="33591">Youssef, C.M., Luthans, F. (2005). Resiliency development of organizations, leaders and employees: Multi-level theory building for sustained performance, in Authentic Leadership Theory and Practice: Origins, Effects and Development (Monographs in leadership and management, Vol. 3), eds. W. Gardner, B. Avolio, and F. Walumbwa, Elsevier, Oxford, (UK), pp. 303-343.</bibl>
        </listBibl>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>