After the mid-nineteenth century, as the Qing Empire cautiously reopened to the West, Marco Polo’s name surfaced in Chinese for the first time – scattered across missionary dispatches, diplomatic reports, and sinological journals – giving readers no more than fleeting, fragmentary glimpses of the Venetian traveler and his book (Wu 2012). The earliest known Chinese owner of Marco Polo’s book was Guo Songtao 郭嵩焘 (1818-1891), the Qing Empire’s first ambassador to Europe. During a visit to London in 1876 Guo met Henry Yule (1820-1889) and received a copy of Yule’s newly issued 1871 edition, yet the volume never circulated within Chinese scholarly circles.

The first Chinese scholar to mine Marco Polo for historical evidence was Hong Jun 洪钧 (1839-1893), ambassador to Europe from 1887 to 1890. In his posthumous Translations of Foreign Texts for Certifications and Additions to the History of the Yuan 元史译文证补 (1897) Hong quotes Marco Polo three times, but omits the book from his bibliography – clear proof that his knowledge came from Western secondary sources rather than from Polo’s text itself.

The first Chinese rendering of Marco Polo appeared only in 1913. Wei Yi 魏易 (1880-1930) produced it from the 1818 English version by William Marsden (1754-1836), itself derived from Ramusio’s sixteenth-century text. Wei’s rendering, however, is marred by large, undocumented omissions and has never been considered reliable. Yet, as the sole Chinese version then available, it inspired the historian Ding Qian 丁谦 (1843-1919) to publish a cluster of topographical and historical studies.

Four subsequent Chinese translations – Li Ji 李季 (1936), Chen Kaijun 陈开俊 et al. (1981), Liang Shengzhi 梁生智 (1998), and Yu Qianfan 余前帆 (2009) – all go back, directly or indirectly, to Marsden or to Manuel Komroff’s popular redaction of Marsden. Directed at a general readership, they add little to scholarly research (cfr. Dang 1999).

Only three Chinese versions possess sustained academic value. Zhang Xinglang 张星烺 (1889-1951) issued a partial translation in 1929 based on Yule’s text, but abandoned it after only one quarter. When Aldo Ricci’s 1931 English rendering of L. F. Benedetto’s critical Italian edition appeared (Benedetto 1932), Zhang immediately shifted to it, publishing a complete, unannotated Chinese version in 1936. Lacking apparatus and commentary, Zhang’s 1936 translation never gained wide scholarly acceptance.

In the same year, 1936, Feng Chengjun 冯承钧 (1887-1946) issued a Chinese rendering of Charignon’s 1924 annotated French edition, itself based on G. Pauthier’s 1865 text. Feng enriched this edition with additional passages from Ramusio and with selective summaries of the scholarship of Yule, Cordier, and Charignon, adding his own critical observations. The result is the first complete Chinese Marco Polo edition with sustained philological and historical commentary. In 1999 Dang Baohai 党宝海 further revised and expanded Feng’s apparatus; the Feng-Dang edition is now regarded as the most authoritative for scholarly use.

Early Chinese researchers also tried to locate Marco Polo in the Chinese standard history Yuanshi 元史 (“History of the Yuan”). Zhang Xinglang followed Pauthier’s conjecture that «Polo» was identical to P’o-lo/Bo-luo the vice-minister of the Shumiyuan 枢密副使孛罗 who appears in the annals of Qubilai’s reign. In fact, this official was a Mongol whose Turco-Mongolian name Bolod ‘steel’ has nothing to do with the Venetian traveler; this plausible identification was soon rejected by Feng and subsequent scholars.

A decisive breakthrough came in 1941, when the Chinese historian Yang Zhijiu 杨志玖 (1915-2002) identified a hitherto-overlooked passage in the Yuanshi. According to the entry for the eighth lunar month of 1290, three imperial envoys – Wu-lu-dai 兀鲁䚟 (“Turco-Mongolian Uludai”), A-bi-shi-ha 阿必失呵 (“Turco-Mongolian Abisqa, Perso-Arabic ‘Abīsqa”), and Huo-zhe 火者 (“Turco-Mongolian Qoja < Perso-Arabic Khwāja”) – together with 160 companions, were outfitting a fleet bound for Persia. These names correspond exactly with the Oulatai, Apousca, and Coja whom Marco Polo names as his fellow-travelers when he describes leaving China. Yang concluded that Polo therefore departed at the very end of 1290 or the first days of 1291.

Yang’s findings were summarized in English in the Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Bengal Letters (1944) and the Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies (1945), yet they went largely unnoticed in the West until Francis W. Cleaves (1976) linked Yang’s Chinese evidence with a Persian source that records Khwāja’s arrival in Persia escorting the princess Kökechin Khatun. Marco Polo’s narrative of the voyage now supplies the connective tissue that transforms two previously isolated Asian chronicles into mutually corroborating testimony. It remains the only direct confirmation that Marco Polo was physically present in China and enables us to identify, name by name, the Persian ambassadors he claimed to have accompanied.

Equally noteworthy, the first systematic study of Marco Polo’s accounts of Yunnan and Burma was undertaken by Fang Guoyu 方国瑜 in 1939. Together with his student Lin Chaomin 林超民, Fang expanded this research into a full monograph in the early 1980s; the manuscript, however, remained unpublished until 1994.

The establishment of Sino-Italian diplomatic relations in 1970 spurred a new wave of interest. In 1983 Yu Shixiong edited Marco Polo: Introduction and Research 马可·波罗介绍与研究, a comprehensive anthology that gathered virtually every significant Chinese article on the subject published before 1983.

The 1938 Moule-Pelliot ‘integral’ edition and Pelliot’s posthumous Notes on Marco Polo (1959-1972) began to shape Chinese scholarship only after the 1980s. Paul Pelliot’s Chinese pupil Shao Xunzheng 邵循正 (1909-1972) had studied in Europe between 1934 and 1936 while Pelliot was preparing his Marco Polo materials. On returning to China, Shao delivered two lectures, around 1950, on the book’s historical value; both appeared in print only in 1982. As a professor at Peking University, Shao’s interests in the Mongol Empire and in Marco Polo deeply influenced the cohort of researchers who dominated Polian studies in China from 1983 to 2010.

The 700th anniversary of Marco Polo’s departure from China, celebrated in 1991, produced a landmark academic volume: Marco Polo, a Pioneer in the Cultural Exchange between East and West, edited by Lu Guojun (1995), which brought together the latest studies by Chinese and Italian scholars alike.

Frances Wood’s notorious Was Marco Polo in China? (1995; Chinese translation 1997) quickly drew a wide Chinese readership, yet it failed to acknowledge the Chinese scholarship that had already answered many of the questions she raised. Chief among these was Yang Zhijiu, who resumed his Polian research and published dozens of articles in the closing decades of the twentieth century. Nearly all of them were reprinted in his 1999 monograph Marco Polo in China; an enlarged, revised edition, Yang Zhijiu’s Collected Works: Marco Polo and Sino-Foreign Relations, appeared in 2015 and remains the richest source of precise, nuanced information on Marco Polo’s China.

In 2000, Professor Yang Zhijiu of Nankai University convened the international conference “Marco Polo and Thirteenth-Century China” at Tianjin. Francis Wood was invited to participate in what was billed as a formal ‘debate,’ yet in her presentation she neither denied Marco Polo’s presence in China nor advanced any new doubts; her remarks on the intricacies of manuscript transmission left most delegates unmoved (Wood 1999). The conference proceedings appeared as no. 8 of the Journal Yuanshi Luncong (2001) and contained the following studies:

Complementing these papers, Zhou Liangxiao’s “Western Travelers to China during the Yuan Period—Also a Reply to Was Marco Polo in China?” (2001) demonstrates that Marco Polo was by no means an isolated phenomenon in the Eurasian exchanges of the Mongol era.

Alongside Yang Zhijiu, three scholars – Cai Meibiao 蔡美彪 (1928-2021), Chen Dezhi 陈得芝 (1933-), and Huang Shijian 黄时鉴 (1935-2013) – shaped the 1983-2010 wave of Marco-Polo studies in China.

Cai Meibiao, renowned for Sino-Mongol philology, produced three seminal articles. “A Discussion of Marco Polo’s Stay in China” (1992; English 1993) argues that Polo acted as an ortaq/ortoq “partner” merchant. “A Critical Analysis of the Records Concerning the Return Journey of Marco Polo” (1997) re-examines Polo’s occupation, Kökechin Khatun and her Manzi maid, and the Persian leg of the voyage. In 1998 he identifies the Cenchu and Vanchu of Ahmad’s episode with the Chinese terms qian-hu “chiliarch” and wan-hu “myriarch”.

Chen Dezhi’s forte is historical geography of the Mongol Empire and Yuan China. His 1986 paper offers the most complete and internally consistent reconstruction of Polo’s itinerary and chronology inside China, cross-checked against Chinese sources. “Some Additional Notes on Marco Polo” (1995) supplements Pelliot’s Notes, covering

Chen’s 2009 study of the Uyghur maritime merchant Yiheimishi (Yighmish) deepens the evidence for Polo’s role as an ortoq merchant in the Yuan realm.

Huang Shijian, a specialist on Mongol-era Sino-foreign relations, concentrated on chronology and omissions. Huang 1981 fixes the dates of Polo’s departure from Venice and China, his arrival in Persia, and his Genoese captivity. His twin articles on tea (1993; 1994), Great Wall (with Gong 1998; 1999) and foot-binding (2006; 2011) marshal exhaustive sources to explain why Polo never mentions them, thereby answering Frances Wood’s skepticism with precision and nuance.

Throughout this phase the Moule-Pelliot edition remained the standard reference. Monographs by Shen Youliang (2001; 2012; 2013) and Peng Hai (2010), though still useful for Chinese data, rely on older translations and now appear dated.

Twenty-first-century Marco-Polo studies in China are distinguished by tightly integrated, multidisciplinary teams and by systematic engagement with philology, archaeology and codicology. For example, in 2008 archaeologist Lin Meicun proposed a possible location for Marco Polo’s residence in Beijing, and in 2011 he examined the so-called ‘Marco Polo jar’ preserved in Venice (Lin and Zhang 2018).

Since 2011, when the International Institute for China Studies at Peking University launched the “Marco Polo Research” project under the direction of Professor Rong Xinjiang, the study of Marco Polo has entered a new phase. The project’s core aim has been to render the principal recensions of Marco Polo’s book, together with the most influential modern commentaries, into Chinese, and to supply them with exhaustive new annotations. The team has now completed its Chinese translation based on the Moule-Pelliot edition, which will appear in six substantial volumes. To facilitate scholarly exchange, the project inaugurated the column “Marco Polo Research” in the Newsletter for International China Studies (Peking University Press). Contributions to the column range well beyond Marco Polo’s own itinerary in China, embracing the broader history of Eurasian interchange along the Silk Road – trans-continental geography, religions, folklore, zoology, botany, and much else besides.

To intensify international dialogue, the project has systematically introduced pivotal foreign scholarship to a Chinese readership. The anthology Foreign Scholars on Marco Polo: Selected Essays (2022), co-edited by Rong Xinjiang and Dang Baohai, assembles for the first time in Chinese the classic English studies of Arthur C. Moule, Igor de Rachewiltz, David Jacoby, Peter Jackson and Stephen Haw; foundational French contributions by Antoine Mostaert, Jean Richard and Philippe Ménard; and key Japanese research by Otagi Matuo 愛宕松男 and Takata Hideki 高田英樹. In the same year, Hans Ulrich Vogel’s Marco Polo was in China: New Evidence from Currencies, Salts and Revenues appeared in Chinese translation by Dang Baohai, Ma Xiaolin and Zhou Sicheng.

These publications have been complemented by a regular cycle of international conferences: Yangzhou 2015 and 2024, Beijing 2016 and 2024, and Shanghai 2024. Delegates from China, Italy, France, the United States, Germany, Japan, Korea and Iran explored themes ranging from the political history of the Mongol Empire and medieval European, Persian-Arabic and Turco-Mongolian literature to Silk-Road archaeology. The proceedings, Marco Polo, Yangzhou and the Silk Road (Xu and Rong 2016) and Marco Polo and the Silk Road 10th-14th centuries (Rong and Dang 2019), have already become standard references.

Dang Baohai, co-leader of the “Marco Polo Research” project, has produced a sustained body of work that combines rigorous philology with wide-ranging regional expertise. After his pre-2011 studies on Marco Polo and the Yuan postal network, his research has unfolded along two complementary tracks. On one hand, his work illuminates the political world of the Yuan Dynasty such as

On the other hand, his articles contribute to the cross-cultural themes of the Yuan world including the Old Uyghur ancestral legend (2012), the Tangut commodities on the Silk Road (2014b), the city Singiu = Zhenzhou (2016), and the Curfew in the City of Quinsai (2021).

Special attention is paid to the latest archeological results and unearthed documents when Rong Xinjiang studies Marco Polo’s description of Khotan (2015; 2016). Luo Shuai (2012) reviews Aurel Stein’s archeological adventure to Central Asia, and then furthers his research into oasis cities including Qiemo (2016), Yarcan = Shache (2017a; 2017b), Lop (2019) in Xinjiang, and Swat in Pakistan (2021). Indeed, these discussions regularly reach back a full millennium before Marco Polo.

Members of the project focus on the history of Silk Road, especially the Middle East, Central Asia, and Maritime Silk Road. Qiu Yihao discusses the Mamluk literature on the Arabic merchants in East Asia during the Marco Polo’s time (2016). Wang Yidan (2019) uses Persian literature to verify the bridges of Quinsai described by Marco Polo. Chen Chunxiao (2021) inspects Polo’s ethnographic observations of the wedding customs in the Tarim region.

Ma Xiaolin’s research mainly concerns rituals, customs and religions. His articles include

Ma Xiaolin’s Marco Polo and Yuan China: in the light of Texts and Rituals and Beliefs (2018) is the first Chinese book to use European philological results on manuscripts.

Other papers in various perspectives include

Qiu Zhirong (2021) re-examines the long-disputed Persian segment of Marco Polo’s homeward route. By collating every significant manuscript family with the political chronology of the Il-khanate, she shows that Ramusio’s text preserves some authentic data even while it contains obvious editorial amplifications. Her reconstruction also explains that when Polo was in Ilkhanate Persia 1293-1294, envoys en route to Ghazan’s court brought news that Temür had already been designated as Qubilai’s heir; yet Polo had already departed Persia before news of Qubilai’s death (February 1294) could reach him, which is why his book reports Temür as the designated heir yet shows no awareness that the Great Khan had in fact died.

The aforementioned studies are a continuation and development of the previous two stages of research. The content of historical studies has been refined, and the geographic scope has expanded from China to the Silk Road. My monograph and a series of articles (Ma Xiaolin 2017b; 2018; 2019b) have introduced Chinese readers to the most recent developments in European textual criticism. Recognizing the limitations of the Moule-Pelliot edition, scholars now need to integrate Asian historical perspectives with Roman philology, as exemplified by the work of contemporary Italian scholars such as Eugenio Burgio, Alvise Andreose, Samuela Simion, and Chiara Concina. Engaging with Chinese historical scholarship can provide crucial evidence for resolving long-standing textual cruces.

To sum up, Marco Polo’s Devisement dou monde has long been the exclusive concern of Chinese historians. In the pre-1983 period, Polo’s journey was largely accepted as historical fact, with little critical scrutiny. From 1983 to 2011, however, a wave of skepticism emerged, fueled by arguments that his Devisement dou monde omit key aspects of Chinese culture, such as the Great Wall, chopsticks, and footbinding – features presumed to be unmistakable signs of first-hand experience. As response, historians have shown that many of the ‘missing’ elements were not prominent in Yuan China and that Polo’s account includes numerous accurate details – particularly about administration, currency, and geography – that align with Chinese and Persian sources. Since 2011, a more balanced phase has taken shape. Rather than simply dismissing the Devisement dou monde as fiction or accepting them uncritically, Polo’s narrative should be considered as a complex product of personal memory, co-authorship, and medieval literary conventions. Acknowledging the layered and mediated nature of his account, a nuanced reading will further support the position that Marco Polo most likely did reach China.

Since the mid-twentieth century, the study of the Mongol Empire and the Yuan dynasty inside China has been molded – sometimes consciously, sometimes implicitly – by the multilingual agenda of European Sinology and Inner-Asian studies epitomized by Paul Pelliot. Building on that inheritance, Chinese scholarship has steadily enlarged its linguistic tool-kit: Mongolian, Persian, Turkic, Tibetan, Arabic, even Syriac and Armenian texts are now routinely mined. Against this backdrop, Marco-Polo research has become a convenient microcosm of the field: every trans-continental topic Polo touches – currency, postal relays, salt administration, naval technology, ethnography – forces the scholar to shuttle between Chinese, Persian, Franco-Italian, Latin and other corpora. The next frontier is therefore obvious: to approach the European-language witnesses with the same philological sophistication already lavished on Asian texts, and to do so in sustained collaboration with European colleagues. Bibliographical practice is already shifting. Although some reference works still uncritically reproduce Moule-Pelliot, a growing circle insists on critical editions and on manuscript evidence. Eastern with Western fields. The new trend is to combine Eastern with Western fields. I am preparing an annotated corpus of Latin texts on the Mongols and China, while Qiu Zhirong has completed a critical Chinese translation of Odorico da Pordenone’s Relatio (forthcoming). As a result, Chinese researchers are now engaging ever more closely with the philological, linguistic and textual-critical methods, ensuring that future Marco Polo studies will be conducted on a global and interdisciplinary footing. Fresh transcriptions of Polo manuscripts, increasingly accessible through digitization, are attracting a new generation of Chinese scholars who combine training in Latin and Romance philology with their inherited strengths in Asian history.

GHYT = Guoji hanxue yanjiu tongxun 国际汉学研究通讯 (Newsletter for International China Studies).

YSLC = Yuanshi luncong 元史论丛 (Studies of Yuan History).

Benedetto, Luigi Foscolo, a cura di. 1932. Il libro di messer Marco Polo cittadino di Venezia detto Milione: dove si raccontano le meraviglie del mondo. Milano-Roma: Treves.

Cai, Meibiao 蔡美彪. 1992. “Shilun Make Boluo zai Zhongguo.” 试论马可波罗在中国 (“A Discussion of Marco Polo’s Stay in China.”) Zhongguo shehui kexue 中国社会科学 (Social Sciences in China) 2: 177-88 [ried. In Zhongxi wenhua jiaoliu xianqu—Make Boluo 中西文化交流先驱——马可·波罗 (Marco Polo, a Pioneer in the Cultural Exchange between East and West), edited by Lu Guojun, 297-314. Beijing: Shangwu yinshuguan 商务印书馆].

Cai, Meibiao. 1993. “Marco Polo in China”, translated by Wang Yintong. Social Sciences in China 14: 171-79.

Cai, Meibiao. 1997. “Make Boluo guitu jishi xiyi.” 马可波罗归途记事析疑 (“A Critical Analysis of the Records Concerning the Return Journey of Marco Polo.”) YSLC 6: 24-34.

Cai, Meibiao. 1998. “Make Boluo suoji Ahema shijian zhong de Cenchu Vanchu” 马可波罗所记阿合马事件中的 Cenchu Vanchu (“Cenchu and Vanchu in Marco Polo’s Record of the Ahmad Incident.”) Zhongguo shehui kexueyuan yanjiushengyuan xuebao 中国社会科学院研究生院学报 (Academic Journal of the Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences) 5: 89-93.

Charignon, Antoine Joseph Henri, édité par. 1924. Le livre de Marco Polo, publie par G. Pauthier en 1867, traduit en francais moderne et annote d’apres les sources chinoises. Beijing: Nachbaur.

Chen, Chunxiao 陈春晓. 2021. “Make boluo de minzuzhi guancha — yi Talimu diqu qiyi hunsu weizhongxin de kaocha.” 马可·波罗的民族志观察——以塔里木地区奇异婚俗为中心的考察 (“Marco Polo’s Ethnographic Observations: An Investigation Centered on Strange Marriage Customs in the Tarim Region.”) GHYT 21: 304-22.

Chen, Dezhi (陈得芝). 1986. “Make Boluo zai Zhongguo de lucheng jiqi niandai.” 马可波罗在中国的旅程及其年代 (“Marco Polo’s Itinerary and Its Chronology in China.”) Yuanshi ji beifang minzushi yanjiu jikan 元史及北方民族史研究集刊 (Collected Research Papers on Yuan History and the History of the Northern Ethnics) 10: 430-47.

Chen, Dezhi. 1995. “Make Boluo buzhu shuze.” 马可·波罗补注数则 (“Some Additional Notes on Marco Polo.”) In Zhongxi wenhua jiaoliu xianqu—Make Boluo 中西文化交流先驱——马可·波罗 (Marco Polo, a Pioneer in the Cultural Exchange between East and West), edited by Lu Guojun, 36-46. Beijing: Shangwu yinshuguan 商务印书馆.

Chen, Dezhi. 2009. “Cong Yiheimishi shenfen kan Make Boluo.” 从亦黑迷失身份看马可·波罗 (“A Study of the Career of Yiheimishi in Comparison with Marco Polo.”) Yanjing xuebao燕京学报 (Yenching Journal Of Chinese Studies) 26: 39-57.

Chen, Kaijun 陈开俊 et al., translated by. 1981. Make Boluo youji 马可·波罗游记 (Travels of Marco Polo). Fuzhou: Fuzhou kexuejishu chubanshe 福建科学技术出版社.

Chen, Xi 陈希. 2021. “Make Boluo Xingji suojian Haidu zhanluan Shijian.”《马可·波罗行纪》所见海都战乱时间 (“The Date of Qaidu’s War in the Travels of Marco Polo.”) GHYT 22: 224-32.

Cleaves, Francis Woodman. 1976. “A Chinese source bearing on Marco Polo’s departure from China and a Persian source on his arrival in Persia.” Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 36: 181-203.

Dang, Baohai 党宝海. 1999. “Ping Liang Shengzhi yi Make Boluo youji.” 评梁生智译《马可·波罗游记》(“Review of Liang Shengzhi trans. Travels of Marco Polo.”) Beijing daxue xuebao北京大学学报（哲学社会科学版）(Journal of Peking University) 5: 151-5.

Dang, Baohai. 2001. “Yuandai chengqiang de chaihui yu chongjian.” 元代城墙的拆毁与重建——马可·波罗来华的一个新证据 (“The Destroy and Reconstruction of City Walls under the Yuan Dynasty: a New Evidence for Marco Polo in China.”) YSLC 8: 46-53.

Dang, Baohai. 2011a. “Qingshan (Köke Aγula) yu Yuandadu.” 青山（Köke Aγula）与元大都 (“Köke Aγula ‘green hill’ and Dadu of the Yuan.”) Zhongguo shi yanjiu中国史研究 (Journal of Chinese Historical Studies) 4: 121-30.

Dang, Baohai. 2011b. “Xichutuda yu Haheichamo.” 戏出秃打与哈黑义磨 (“Hicutu-da and Qaqca-Modun.”) Qinghua yuanshi 清华元史 (Qinghua Journal of Yuan History) 1: 124-40.

Dang, Baohai. 2012. “Make Boluo xingji Weiwuer junzhu shusheng chuanshuo buzheng.” 《马可·波罗行纪》畏兀儿君主树生传说补证 (“Additional Remarks on the Legend of Uyghur Rulers’ Birth from a Tree in Travels of Marco Polo.”) GHYT 6: 235-44.

Dang, Baohai. 2013. “Make Boluo xingji Yuanshizu zhishu faling kao.” 《马可·波罗行纪》元世祖植树法令考 (“Study on Qubilai’s Tree-planting Ruling in Travels of Marco Polo.”) GHYT 7: 259-63.

Dang, Baohai. 2014a. “Make Boluo yu menggu diguo de paifu.” 马可·波罗与蒙古帝国的牌符 (“Marco Polo and the paiza ‘tablet’ in the Mongol Empire.”) GHYT 9: 439-55.

Dang, Baohai. 2014b. “Gudai sichouzhilu shang de Hexi shangpin.” 古代丝绸之路上的河西商品 (“The Tangut Commodities on pre-modern Silk Road.”) GHYT 10: 355-71.

Dang, Baohai. 2016. “Singiu yu Yuandai Zhenzhou.” Singiu 与元代真州 (“Singiu and Zhenzhou during the Yuan period.”) In Make Boluo Yangzhou Sichouzhilu 马可·波罗 扬州 丝绸之路 (Marco Polo, Yangzhou and the Silk Road), edited by Xu Zhongwen 徐忠文, and Rong Xinjiang, 7-21. Beijing: Peking University Press 北京大学出版社.

Dang, Baohai. 2020. “Make Boluo suoshu Achbaluch yu Hubilie de jinliequ.” 马可·波罗所述 Achbaluch 与忽必烈的禁猎区 (“Achbaluch and Qubilai’s Game Reserve described by Marco Polo.”) GHYT 21: 275-82.

Dang, Baohai. 2021. “Make Boluo suoshu Xingzai cheng de yejin zhengce.” 马可·波罗所述行在城的夜禁政策 (“The Policy of Curfew in the City of Quinsai described by Marco Polo.”) GHYT 23-24: 267-76.

Dang, Baohai. 2024. “Two Mongolian Toponyms in Marco Polo’s Account: The Green Mound and Cacciar Modun.” In Marco Polo Research Past, Present, Future, edited by Hans Ulrich Vogel, and Ulrich Theobald, 361-84. Tübingen: Tübingen Library Publishing.

Ding, Qian 丁谦. 1915. “Yuandai keqing Mage Boluo youji dili kaoding.” 元代客卿马哥博罗游记地理补注 (“Studies on the Geography in Travels of Marco Polo.”) Dixue zazhi 地学杂志 (Geography Magazine) 6, (6): 61-9; 7-8, (6): 95-122.

Ding, Qian. 1917-1918. “Mage Boluo youji buzhu gaiding.” 马哥博罗游记补注改订 (“Additional Notes and Corrections on Travels of Marco Polo.”) Dixue zazhi 地学杂志 8-9, (8): 3a-12b; 10, (8): 5a-10b; 11-12, (8): 4b-11b; 1, (9): 76-83; 2-3, (9): 117-129; 4-5, (9): 11b-17b; 6, (9): 6b-10a; 7-8: 6a-10b.

Fang, Guoyu 方国瑜. 1939. “Make boluo xingji yunnan shidi jianzheng.” 马可波罗云南行纪笺证 (“Notes on Marco Polo’s Travels in Yunnan.”) Xinan bianjiang. 西南边疆 (Southwestern Frontiers) 4: 54-69.

Fang, Guoyu, and Lin Chaomin 林超民. 1994. Make boluo xingji yunnan shidi kao. 马可波罗行纪云南史地丛考 (Studies on the Geography of Yunnan in Travels of Marco Polo) Beijing: minzu chubanshe.

Feng, Chengjun 冯承钧, translated and annotated by. 1936. Make Boluo xingji 马可波罗行纪 (Travels of Marco Polo). Shanghai: Shangwu yinshuguan 商务印书馆.

Feng, Chengjun, translated and annotated by, and Dang Baohai, annotated by. 1999. Make Boluo xingji 马可波罗行纪 (Travels of Marco Polo). Shijiazhuang 石家庄: Hebei renmin chubanshe 河北人民出版社.

Fu, Hansi 傅汉思 (= Vogel, Hans Ulrich). 2022. Make Boluo daoguo zhongguo: huobi, shiyan he shuishou de xin zhengju 马可波罗到过中国 (Marco Polo was in China: New Evidence from Currencies, Salts and Revenues), translated by Dang Baohai, Ma Xiaolin, and Zhou Sicheng. Beijing: Beijing daxue chubanshe.

Gao, Rongsheng 高荣盛. 2001. “Choncha yu Make Boluo ru Min Luxian.” Choncha与马可·波罗入闽路线 (“Choncha and the Routes of Marco Polo’s Entering Fujian.”) YSLC 8: 54-61.

Gao, Yazhe 高亚喆. 2020. “Make Boluo xingji zhong de Mangatay.”《马可波罗行纪》中的 Mangatay (“Mangatay in Travels of Marco Polo.”) GHYT 18: 189-98.

Hong, Jun 洪钧. 1897. Yuanshi yiwen zhengbu 元史译文证补 (Translations of Foreign Texts for Certifications and Additions to the History of the Yuan). Yuanhe 元和: Lu Runxiang 陆润庠.

Huang, Shijian 黄时鉴. 1981. “Guanyu Moke Boluo de sange niandai wenti.” 关于马可波罗的三个年代问题 (“Three Dating Problems Related to Marco Polo.”) In Zhongwai guanxishi luncong 中外关系史论丛 (Collected Articles on the History of Chinese Foreign Relations), vol. 1, 59-67. Beijing: Shijie zhishi chubanshe世界知识出版社 [revised version in Yu, Shixiong 余士雄, edited by. 1983. Make Boluo jieshao yu yanjiu 马可·波罗介绍与研究 (Marco Polo: Introduction and Research), 287-97. Beijing: Shumuwenxian chubanshe 书目文献出版社].

Huang, Shijian. 1993. “Guanyu cha zai Beiya he xiyu de zaoqi chuanbo: Jian shuo Make Boluo wei you ji cha.” 关于茶在北亚和西域的早期传播—兼说马可·波罗未有记茶 (“About the Early Dissemination of Tea in North Asia and the Western Regions: With a Discussion of Marco Polo not Mentioning Tea.”) Lishi yanjiu 历史研究 (Historical Research) 1: 141-5 [ried. In Lu, Guojun, edited by. 1995. Zhongxi wenhua jiaoliu xianqu—Make Boluo 中西文化交流先驱——马可·波罗 (Marco Polo, a Pioneer in the Cultural Exchange between East and West), 83-91. Beijing: Shangwu yinshuguan 商务印书馆].

Huang, Shijian. 1994. “The Early Dissemination of Tea in Northern Asia and the Western Region—Why Marco Polo Never Mentioned Tea”, translated by Lu Yunzhong, revised by Yang Zhi, and Bruce Doar. Social Sciences in China 15, 4: 167-75.

Huang, Shijian. 2006. “Yuandai chanzu wenti xintan” 元代缠足问题新探 (“A New Study on the Foot Binding during the Yuan Period.”) Dongfang bowu 东方博物1: 6-12.

Huang, Shijian. 2011. “Yuandai chanzu wenti xintan yu Make boluo weiji chanzu wenti.” 元代缠足问题新探与马可波罗未记缠足问题 (“A New Study on the Foot Binding during the Yuan Period and Why Marco Polo Never Mentioned Foot Binding.”) In Huang Shijian wenji 黄时鉴文集 (Collected Papers of Huang Shijian), vol. 2, 254-72. Shanghai: Zhongxi shuju 中西书局.

Huang, Shijian, and Gong Yingyan 龚缨晏. 1998. “Make boluo yu Wanli changcheng — jianping Make Boluo daoguo Zhongguo ma.” 马可·波罗与万里长城——兼评《马可·波罗到过中国吗？》 (“Marco Polo and the Great Wall — Also on Did Marco Polo Go to China?”) Zhongguo shehui kexue 中国社会科学 (Social Sciences in China) 4: 169-84.

Huang, Shijian, and Gong Yingyan. 1999. “Marco Polo and the Great Wall—Also on Did Marco Polo Go to China?”, translated by Deng Ying, and Liu Xiangnan. Social Sciences in China, 20, 3: 117-34.

Ji, Qingong 姬庆红 et al. 2019. Make Boluo laihua wenti yanjiu 马可·波罗来华问题研究 (Researches on Problems about Marco Polo in China). Beijing: zhongguo shehui kexue chubanshe 中国社会科学出版社.

Komroff, Manuel. 1926. The Travels of Marco Polo, revised from Marsden’s translation and edited with Introduction by Manuel Komroff. New York: Boni and Liveright.

Li, Ji 李季, translated by. 1936. Make Boluo youji 马可·波罗游记 (Travels of Marco Polo). Shanghai: Yadong tushuguan 亚东图书馆.

Li, Mingfei 李鸣飞. 2012. “Make Boluo xingji zhong de Xiaoyameiniya” 《马可·波罗行纪》中的小亚美尼亚 (“Armenia Minor in Travels of Marco Polo.”) GHYT 6: 245-51.

Li, Mingfei. 2014. Hengkua Ouya: zhongshiji lüxingzhe yanzhong de shijie 横跨欧亚：中世纪旅行者眼中的世界 (Across Eurasia: the world in the Eyes of a Medieval Traveler). Lanzhou: Lanzhou University Press 兰州大学出版社.

Li, Mingfei. 2015. “Shunfeng xiangsong — cong Make Boluo xingji zhong jizai de qifeng yishi tanqi.” 顺风相送——从《马可·波罗行记》中记载的祈风仪式谈起 (“The Ritual of Praying Winds in Travels of Marco Polo.”) GHYT 11: 330-36.

Li, Mingfei. 2017. “Make Boluo youji hailu bufen yizhu.”《马可·波罗游记》海路部分译注（一）(“Translations and Annotations of the Maritime Chapters of the Travels of Marco Polo, Part 1.”) In Zhongguo shehuikexue yuan lishi yanjiusuo xuekan 中国社会科学院历史研究所学刊 10: 389-426.

Li, Mingfei. 2018. “13-14 shiji zhongxi wenhua chayi dui wenxian jizai de yingxiang — Make Boluo youji suozai Hubilie jinian xiaokao.” 13-14世纪中西文化差异对文献记载的影响——《马可·波罗游记》所载忽必烈纪年小考 (“The Influence of the Differences Between Chinese and Western Cultures in the Historical Records in the 13th and 14th Centuries — On the Chronicle of Kublai Khan in the Travels of Marco Polo.”) Qinghua daxue xuebao 清华大学学报（哲学社会科学版） (Journal of Tsinghua University) 1: 128-36.

Li, Xinyu 李心宇. 2021. “Make Boluo chushi yuannan shijian zaitan.” 马可·波罗出使云南时间再探 (“New Study on the Date of Marco Polo’s envoy to Yunan.”) GHYT 23-24: 277-90.

Li, Zhian 李治安. 2001. “Make Boluo suoji Naiyan zhi luan kaoshi.”马可·波罗所记乃颜之乱考释 (“Notes on Naian’s Rebellion described by Marco Polo.”) YSLC 8: 33-45.

Liang, Shengzhi 梁生智, translated by. 1998. Make Boluo youji马可·波罗游记 (Travels of Marco Polo). Beijing: 中国文史出版社.

Lu, Guojun 陆国俊, edited by. 1995. Zhongxi wenhua jiaoliu xianqu—Make Boluo 中西文化交流先驱——马可·波罗 (Marco Polo, a Pioneer in the Cultural Exchange between East and West). Beijing: Shangwu yinshuguan 商务印书馆.

Luo, Shuai 罗帅. 2012. “Make Boluo xingji yu Sitanni de kaogu tanxian huodong.”《马可·波罗行纪》与斯坦因的考古探险活动 (“The Travels of Marco Polo and Aurel Stein’s archaeological expeditions.”) GHYT 5: 313-28.

Luo, Shuai. 2016. “Qiemo gushi kao —yi Make Boluo de jizai wei zhongxin” 且末古史考——以马可波罗的记载为中心 (“On Old Qiemo: focusing on Marco Polo’s accounts.”) GHYT 13-14: 321-37.

Luo, Shuai. 2017a. “Mengyuan shiqi Yaerkan de jiangyu yu jiaotong.” 蒙元时期鸦儿看的疆域与交通 (“The Territory and Traffic of Yarkand in the Yuan Dynasty.”) Xiyu yanjiu 西域研究 (The Western Regions Studies) 1: 22-9.

Luo, Shuai. 2017b. “Renkou weisheng huanjing yu jibing —Make Boluo xingji suozai Shache jumin zhi jibing.” 人口、卫生、环境与疾病——〈马可波罗行纪〉所载莎车居民之疾病 (“The Disease in Yarkand Recorded in the Travels of Marco Polo.”) Xiyu yanjiu 西域研究 4: 61-77.

Luo, Shuai. 2019. “Xuanzang zhi Nafubo yu Make Boluo zhi Luobu zaiyanjiu.” 玄奘之纳缚波与马可波罗之罗卜再研究——兼论西晋十六国时期楼兰粟特人之动向 (“Restudying Xuanzang’s Nafubo and Marco Polo’s Lop.”) Dunhuang yanjiu 敦煌研究 (Dunhuang Research) 6: 101-8.

Luo, Shuai. 2021. “Bajisitan Siwate gushi congkao — yi Make Boluo yu Wujianba de jizai wei zhongxin.” 巴基斯坦斯瓦特古史丛考——以马可·波罗和邬坚巴的记载为中心 (“Studies on the old history of Swat, Pakistan — focusing on accounts by Marco Polo and U-rgyan-pa.”) GHYT 23-24: 283-303.

Luo, Wei 罗玮. 2014. “Make Boluo xingji suozai qinü daike fengsu chutan.”《马可·波罗行纪》所载“妻女待客”风俗初探 (“Preliminary Research on the Custom of Sexual Hospitality in Travels of Marco Polo.”) GHYT 9: 455-65.

Luo, Wei. 2017. “On the Custom of Sexual Hospitality in Marco Polo’s the Description of the World.” World History Studies 4, 1: 36-51.

Lin, Meicun 林梅村. 2008. “Make Boluo zai Beijing.” 马可·波罗在北京 (“Marco Polo in Beijing.”) Zhongguo lishi wenwu 中国历史文物 2: 22-33; 97.

Lin, Meicun. 2011. “Weinisi ‘Make Boluo guan’ diaochaji.” 威尼斯马可·波罗罐调查记 (“Remarks on the Investigation of the “Marco Polo porcelain” in Venice.”) In Archaeology, Religions and History on the Silk Road 丝绸之路上的考古、宗教与历史, edited by Luo Feng 罗丰, 198-203. Beijing: Wenwu chubanshe 文物出版社.

Lin, Meicun, and Zhang Ran. 2018. “A Chinese porcelain jar associated with Marco Polo: a discussion from an archaeological perspective.” European Journal of Archaeology 21, 1: 39-56.

Liu, Yingsheng 刘迎胜. 2001. “Guanyu Maxuelijisi.” 关于马薛里吉思 (“About Mar Sergis.”) YSLC 8: 14-23.

Ma, Xiaolin. 2012. “Dachao guoshi Nanmo dashi chongxiu zhendingfu dalongxingsi gongdeji zhaji — jianlun Make Boluo xingji de xiangguan jishu.” 《大朝国师南无大士重修真定府大龙兴寺功德记》札记——兼论《马可·波罗行纪》的相关记述 (“Some Notes on the Namo Guoshi Inscription of 1259, in comparation with Marco Polo’s Accounts of Kashmir.”) GHYT 6: 252-7.

Ma, Xiaolin. 2013. “Yuandai Ganzhou shizisi suoluhetieni yingtang sheli yuanyin tanxi jianlun Make Boluo suoji Hexi Jingjiao.” 元代甘州十字寺唆鲁禾帖尼影堂设立原因探析——兼论马可·波罗所记河西景教 (“On Sorqaγtani’s Portait Hall in the Temple of the Cross of Ganzhou; and the Christianity in the Tangut Region described by Marco Polo.”) GHYT 8: 194-213.

Ma, Xiaolin. 2016. “Xinchu shike shiliao zhong guanyu Make Boluo suoji Huohuanbu de yinzheng.” 新出石刻史料中关于马可·波罗所记火浣布的印证 (“A Contemporary Inscriptional Evidence on Marco Polo’s Salamander Cloth under the Mongol-Yuan Dynasty.”) In Make Boluo Yangzhou Sichouzhilu 马可·波罗 扬州 丝绸之路 (Marco Polo, Yangzhou and the Silk Road), edited by Xu Zhongwen 徐忠文, and Rong Xinjiang, 122-30. Beijing: Peking University Press 北京大学出版社.

Ma, Xiaolin. 2017a. “Make Boluo Eduolike suoji Yuanchao Tianshoushengjie.” 马可波罗、鄂多立克所记元朝天寿圣节 (“The Great Qan’s Birthday Festival described by Marco Polo and Odorico da Pordenone.”) In Yang Zhijiu jiaoshou bainian dancheng jinian lunwenji 杨志玖教授百年诞辰纪念论文集 (Papers dedicated to Professor Yang Zhijiu in Memory of His Centennial Birthday), edited by the Editing Group at Department of History at Nankai University 南开大学历史学院纪念文集编辑组, 409-24. Tianjin: Tianjin guji chubanshe 天津古籍出版社.

Ma, Xiaolin. 2017b. “Guowai Make Boluo yanjiu zongshu.” 国外马可·波罗研究综述 (“Overview of foreign studies on Marco Polo.”) GHYT 16: 327-52.

Ma, Xiaolin. 2018. Make Boluo yu Yuandai zhonggguo: wenben yu lisu 马可·波罗与元代中国：文本与礼俗 (Marco Polo and Yuan China: in the light of texts, rituals and beliefs). Shanghai: zhongxi shuju 中西书局.

Ma, Xiaolin. 2019a. “Make Boluo suoji Yuanchao Samanai zhi ji —jianlun Make Boluo zai Shangdu de shijian.” 马可·波罗所记元朝洒马奶之祭——兼论马可·波罗在元上都的时间 (“The Kumiss Ceremony described by Marco Polo and the date of Marco Polo’s stay at Shangdu.”) In Make Boluo yu 10-14 shiji Sichouzhilu 马可·波罗与10-14世纪丝绸之路 (Marco Polo and the Silk Road 10th-14th centuries), edited by Rong Xinjiang, and Dang Baohai, 84-93. Beijing: Peking University Press 北京大学出版社.

Ma, Xiaolin. 2019b. “Make Boluo yanjiu zai Ouzhou.” 马可·波罗研究在欧洲 (“[An Overview of] European Studies on Marco Polo.”) Lishi jiaoxue 历史教学 (History Teaching) 6: 67-70.

Ma, Xiaolin. 2022. “Ouzhou lvxingjia suoji Yuanchao gongting jieqing.” 欧洲旅行家所记元朝宫廷节庆 (“The Yuan Court Festivals Recorded by European Travelers.”) Zhejiang daxue xuebao 浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版) (Journal of Zhejiang University) 5: 29-38.

Ma, Xiaolin, and Simien 席密恩 (= Samuela Simion). 2020. “Beineidaituo de Make Boluo yanjiu ji qi yu Muade Boxihe de jingzheng.” 贝内代托的马可·波罗研究及其与慕阿德、伯希和的竞争 (“L. F. Benedetto’s studies on Marco Polo and his competition with A. C. Moule and Paul Pelliot.”) GHYT 19-20: 207-21.

Marsden, William, translated and annotated by. 1818. The Travels of Marco Polo. London: Printed for the Author.

Moule, Arthur C., and Paul Pelliot, translated and annotated by. 1938. Marco Polo. The Description of the World. London: Routledge.

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Peng, Hai 彭海. 2010. Make Boluo lai Hua shishi 马可波罗来华史实 (The Historical Truth of Marco Polo’s Stay in China). Beijing: Zhongguo shehui kexue chubanshe 中国社会科学出版社.

Qiu, Shusen 邱树森. 2001. “Make Boluo bixia de Zhongguo musilin.” 马可·波罗笔下的中国穆斯林 (“Muslims in China described by Marco Polo.”) YSLC 8: 7-13.

Qiu, Yihao 邱轶皓. 2016. “14 shiji Mamuluke shangren suoshu Halahelin qingbao kao.” 14世纪马穆鲁克商人所述哈剌和林情报考——兼论马可·波罗同时代的阿拉伯远洋商人 (“The information about Qaraqorum accounted by Mamluk merchants in the 14th century — also on the Arabic oversea merchants during Marco Polo’s time.”) In Make Boluo Yangzhou Sichouzhilu 马可·波罗 扬州 丝绸之路 (Marco Polo, Yangzhou and the Silk Road), edited by Xu Zhongwen 徐忠文, and Rong Xinjiang, 326-41. Beijing: Peking University Press 北京大学出版社.

Qiu, Zhirong 求芝蓉. 2021. “Make Boluo huicheng jing Bosi xingzong kao” 马可·波罗回程经波斯行踪考 (“On Marco Polo’s Itinerary in Persia on his way back to Europe.”) Lishi yanjiu 历史研究 (Historical Research) 1: 194-206.

Qiu Zhirong. forthcoming. Hedeli xingchengji yizhu 和德理行程记译注 (Odorico da Pordenone’s Relatio: critical Chinese translation with notes).

Qiu, Zhirong, and Andelieouse 安德烈欧塞 (= Alvise Andreose). 2020. “Hedeli (eduolike) shengping, Xingchengji chengshu yu banbenliuchuan.” 和德理（鄂多立克）生平、《行程记》成书与版本流传 (“The life of Odorico da Pordenone and the and circulation of his Relatio.”) GHYT 21: 323-42.

Qiu Zhirong, Ma Xiaolin, and Andelieouse 安德烈欧塞 (= Alvise Andreose). 2020. “Hedeli (eduolike) yanjiu wubainian.” 和德理（鄂多立克）研究五百年 (“Five Hundred Years’ Studies on Odorico da Pordenone.” GHYT 21: 343-61.

Ricci, Aldo, translated by. 1931. The Travels of Marco Polo. Translated into English from the text of L. F. Benedetto; with an introduction and index by E. Denison Ross. London: Routledge.

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Rong, Xinjiang. 2016. “Zhenshi haishi chuanshuo: Make Boluo bixia de Yutian.” 真实还是传说：马可·波罗笔下的于阗 (“Reality or Tale? Marco Polo’s Description of Khotan.” Xiyu yanjiu 西域研究 2: 37-44.

Rong, Xinjiang, and Dang Baohai, edited by. 2019. Make Boluo yu 10-14 shiji Sichouzhilu 马可·波罗与10-14世纪丝绸之路 (Marco Polo and the Silk Road 10th-14th centuries). Beijing: Peking University Press 北京大学出版社.

Rong, Xinjiang, and Dang Baohai, edited by. 2021. Make Boluo yanjiu lunwen xuancui (Zhongwen bian) 马可·波罗研究论文选粹（中文编）(Chinese Scholars on Marco Polo: Selected Essays). Shanghai: Zhongxi shuju 中西书局.

Rong, Xinjiang, and Dang Baohai, edited by. 2022. Make Boluo yanjiu lunwen xuancui (Waiwen bian) 马可·波罗研究论文选粹（外文编）(Foreign Scholars on Marco Polo: Selected Essays). Shanghai: Zhongxi shuju 中西书局.

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Shao, Xunzheng. 1982. “Shi natgai nacigai.” 释natgai nacigai (“An explanation on natgai nacigai.”) YSLC 1: 225.

Shen, Youliang 申友良. 2001. Make Boluo shidai 马可波罗时代 (Marco Polo’s Time), Beijing: zhongguo shehui kexue chubanshe 中国社会科学出版社.

Shen, Youliang. 2012. Make Boluo youji de kunhuo 《马可波罗游记》的困惑 (Puzzles of Travels of Marco Polo). Taipei: Huamulan wenhua 花木兰文化出版社.

Shen, Youliang. 2013. Make Boluo yu Yuandai shehui 马可波罗与元初社会 (Marco Polo and the early Yuan society). Taipei: Huamulan wenhua.

Vogel, Hans Ulrich. 2012. Marco Polo was in China: New Evidence from Currencies, Salts and Revenues. Leiden: Brill.

Wang, Ting 王颋. 2001. “Make Boluo suoji Dahan chengxiang bushi.” 马可波罗所记大汗乘象补释 (“Additional interpretations on Marco Polo’s account of Great Khan riding an elephant.)” YSLC 8: 24-32.

Wang, Yidan 王一丹. 2019. “Yuandai Hangzhou de qiao.” 元代杭州的桥——从马可波罗的记述说起 (“Bridges in Hangzhou during the Yuan period: discussions starting from Marco Polo’s accounts.”) In Make Boluo yu 10-14 shiji Sichouzhilu 马可·波罗与10-14世纪丝绸之路 (Marco Polo and the Silk Road 10th-14th centuries), edited by Rong Xinjiang, and Dang Baohai, 67-83. Beijing: Peking University Press 北京大学出版社.

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Yang, Zhijiu. 1999. Make Boluo zai Zhongguo 马可·波罗在中国 (Marco Polo in China). Tianjin: Nankai University Press 南开大学出版社.

Yang, Zhijiu. 2015. Yang Zhijiu wenji: Make Boluo yu zhongwai guanxi 杨志玖文集: 马可波罗与中外关系 (Yang Zhijiu’s Collected Works: Marco Polo and Sino-Foreign Relations). Beijing: zhonghua shuju.

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Yu, Qianfan 余前帆, translated by. 2009. Make Boluo youji 马可波罗游记 (Travels of Marco Polo). Beijing: Zhongguo shuji chubanshe 中国书籍出版社.

Yu, Shixiong 余士雄, edited by. 1983. Make Boluo jieshao yu yanjiu 马可·波罗介绍与研究 (Marco Polo: Introduction and Research). Beijing: Shumuwenxian chubanshe 书目文献出版社.

Zhang, Xinglang 张星烺, translated by. 1929. Zhang yi Mage Boluo youji 张译马哥孛罗游记 (Zhang’s Translation of Travels of Marco Polo). Peiping 北平: Yanjing daxue tushuguan 燕京大学图书馆.

Zhang, Xinglang, translated by. 1936. Mage Boluo youji 马哥孛罗游记 (Travels of Marco Polo). Shanghai: Shangwu yinshuguan 商务印书馆.

Zhou, Liangxiao 周良霄. 2001. “Yuandai luhua de xifangren: Jian da Make Boluo daoguo Zhongguo ma?” 元代旅华的西方人——兼答马可·波罗到过中国吗 (“The Westerners Travelling to China during the Yuan Period: also an Answer to Was Marco Polo in China?”) Lishi yanjiu 历史研究 (Historical Research) 3: 91-100.

Zhou, Qingshu 周清澍. 2001. “Make Boluo shu zhong de Aerhun ren he Nashishi.” 马可·波罗书中的阿儿浑人和纳失失 (“The Arqun and nasij in Marco Polo’s Book.”) YSLC 8: 1-6.

Zhou, Sicheng 周思成. 2015. “Dahan de zhanbushi: menggu diguo zhengfu zhanzheng zhong de junshi shushu lingshi.” 大汗的占卜师：蒙古帝国征服战争中的军事数术零拾 (“Great Qaan’s Soothsayers: divinations in the military conquests of the Mongol Empire.”) GHYT 12: 309-20.

Zhou, Sicheng. 2019. “The economy of divinations in the city of Quinsai: the astrologists in Hangzhou in Travels of Marco Polo.” “行在”卖卜的城市经济——从〈马可波罗行纪〉中的杭州“星者”谈起. In Make Boluo yu 10-14 shiji Sichouzhilu 马可·波罗与10-14世纪丝绸之路 (Marco Polo and the Silk Road 10th-14th centuries), edited by Rong Xinjiang, and Dang Baohai, 84-103. Beijing: Peking University Press 北京大学出版社.

Ma Xiaolin, Nankai University, China, maxiaolin@nankai.edu.cn, 0000-0002-9762-1668

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Ma Xiaolin, Chinese Research on Marco Polo’s Devisement dou monde: an overview, © Author(s), CC BY-SA 4.0, DOI 10.36253/979-12-215-0883-3.12, in Paola Mocella (edited by), Il Milione nel tempo tra Asia ed Europa: Marco Polo nelle letterature medievali e contemporanee. Atti del Convegno Internazionale (Siena, 7–8 novembre 2024) e del Seminario “700 anni di Marco Polo” (Firenze, 11 dicembre 2024), pp. -96, 2025, published by Firenze University Press and USiena PRESS, ISBN 979-12-215-0883-3, DOI 10.36253/979-12-215-0883-3